170 
and the fabrics made at Economy are copied from this factory, 
&c. I saw nothing particularly new, except the machine which 
picks the cotton, and thus saves a great deal of filthy manual la¬ 
bour. During winter the factory is warmed by steam, throughout. 
After examining this interesting factory, we went to the Ju¬ 
niata foundry, belonging to Mr. Schoneberger. It was a holy-day, 
as the men were training in the militia. The militia system is 
neither popular in this country nor profitable: the militia are 
trained for two days in the year, of course they can learn very 
little; the manufacturers lose the work of their people, and the 
workmen lose their pay. Neither is the Pittsburgh militia uni¬ 
formed nor armed. The only operation we witnessed to-day at 
the Juniata works, was the grinding of the cast smoothing-irons, 
which was done first by stone, and then by wooden wheels, turned 
by a horse-mill. 
We afterwards visited Mr. Volz, and saw a domestic ware¬ 
house containing all home manufactured articles; a really inte¬ 
resting museum of western industry to strangers. All the fabrics 
of the city and vicinity are brought here and offered for sale on 
commission. The articles are chiefly cast and wrought iron 
wares, all the utensils necessary for cotton or woollen factories, 
dye-houses &e., and various sorts of pure white, white and blue 
mixed, or plain blue cotton stuffs, but no printed calico. Some 
of the woollen cloths were very fine, and sold for seven dollars 
a yard; they were made at Steubenville. A good lasting dye¬ 
stuff 1 for wool is still to be desired. I saw here some newly-in- 
vented locks; fine steelware is not very abundant, and the cutlery 
business is still in its infancy. 
Finally, we visited Mr. Eichbaum, seventy-six years old; he 
is a glass-cutter, father of the owner of a wire factory, and post¬ 
master of the city. By his skill and industry he has amassed a 
very handsome fortune. He was formerly in Carlsruhe, and 
boasted much of the court of Baden, and particularly of the wife 
of the Margrave. 
CHAPTER 'XXV. 
Journey to Philadelphia , and second stay in that city . 
On the 23d of May, at eight o’clock, we commenced our jour¬ 
ney to Philadelphia, in the mail stage. I left Pittsburgh with 
much regret; it pleased me in every respect, and would have 
