461 
The lichen genera Phaeographis and 
Phaeographina (Graphidaceae) in Australia 
1: Species based on Australian type specimens 
Alan W. Archer 
Abstract 
Archer, Alan W. (Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney, Mrs Macquaries Road, Sydney NSW 2000, Australia ) 
2000. The lichen genera Phaeographis and Phaeographina ( Graphidaceae) in Australia 1. Species based 
on Australian type specimens. Telopea 8(4): 461-475. The types and other specimens of 14 Australian 
species in the genus Phaeographis (Graphidaceae) and 3 types and other specimens of Australian 
taxa in the genus Phaeographina (Graphidaceae) were examined. Phaeographina caesiopruinosa var. 
monospora Miill. Arg. is raised to species level as Phaeographina muelleri A.W. Archer. Phaeographis 
subcompulsa Mull. Arg., Phaeographis cinerascens Miill. Arg., Phaeographis inscripta Mull. Arg. and 
Graphis aulacothecia C. Knight are taxonomic synonyms of Phaeographis australiensis Mull. Arg., while 
Phaeographis subtricosa (C. Knight) Miill. Arg., Phaeographis intumescens Miill. Arg. and Phaeographis 
extenuata are taxonomic synonyms of Phaeographis subintricata Miill. Arg. Lectotypes are selected 
for Phaeographis australiensis Miill. Arg. and Graphis aulacothecia C. Knight. The ascospores in 
Phaeographis pseudomelana Miill. Arg. are 4-locular and not 6-locular as reported in the protologue. 
Introduction 
The lichen family Graphidaceae (the so-called Script Lichens) includes a number of 
genera which are separated by the structure and colour of the ascospores, the presence 
or absence of lirellae immersed in stromatic tissue and the structure of the paraphyses. 
The distinction between these genera is best shown in a simplified key. 
Key to the Australian Graphidaceae 
1. Ascospores septate. 2 
Ascospores muriform . 6 
2. Ascospores hyaline. 3 
Ascospores brown . 5 
3. Lirellae scattered . 4 
Lirellae grouped in stromatic tissue . Glyphis 
4. Paraphyses simple . Graphis 
Paraphyses branched . Diplogramma 
5. Lirellae grouped in stromatic tissue . Sarcographa 
Lirellae scattered . Phaeographis 
6. Ascospores brown. 7 
Ascospores hyaline. 8 
