( 24 ) 
The proportion of Endogens to Exogens is 1: 4, thus nearly the same as 
that of the Singapore plants, which is 1: 3*4; in the Galopagos it is 1: 6. 
The families which have the greatest number of species, arranged in order 
of number of species, are the following. I have added those of Ceylon, Hong- 
Kong, and Galopagos for comparison. 
Andamans. 
Singapore. 
Ceylon. 
Hong-Kong. 
Eupliorbiacese. 
Bubiaceae. 
Leguminosse. 
Graminese. 
Bubiaceae. 
Orcbideae. 
Gramme®. 
Leguminosse. 
Leguminosse. 
Leguminosse. 
Orchidese. 
Compositae. 
Orchidese. 
Graminese. 
Bubiaceae. 
Cyperaceae. 
Moracese. 
Cyperaceae. 
Cyperaceae. 
Euphorbiacese. 
Palmae. 
Myrtacese. 
Eupliorbiacese. 
Bubiaceae. 
Graminese. 
C Melastomacese. 
Acantliacese. 
Orcliidese. 
Cyperaceae. 
j Moracese. 
Compositae. 
Scropliularineae. 
Anonaceae. 
(. Eupliorbiacese. 
Melastomacese. 
Acanthacese. 
Ampelidese. 
Verbenaceae. 
Labiatse. 
Verbenaceae. 
Apocyneae. 
Anonaceae. 
Convolvulacese. 
( Moracese. 
Asclepiadeee. 
Apocyneae. 
Myrtacese. 
( Labiatse. 
Verbenaceae. 
f Tiliaceae. 
Scropliularineae. 
Myrsineae. 
Sterculiacese, 
< Myrsineae. 
f Dipterocarpese, 
Lauraceae. 
Acantliacese. 
(. Lauraceae. 
\ Asclepiadese, 
Apocynese. 
Galopagos. 
Composite. 
Granlineae. 
Leguminosse. 
Eupborbiaceae. 
Boraginese. 
Amarantacese. 
Bubiaceae. 
f Solanaceae. 
( Cyperaceae. 
( Verbenaceae. 
X Convolvulacese. 
Malvaceae. 
(ITrticaceae. 
^ Portulacaceae. 
Nyctagineae. 
The genera which are most richly represented in the Andamans are 
Ficus— 13 sp.; Vitis— 8 sp.; Sterculia , Pcivetta , Cordyline and Cyperus , each 
by 5 sp.; Memecylon , Ipomcea , Myristicct , Calamus , Asplenium , and Pteris ) each 
by 4 sp. 
The new species (32 in number) are in proportion to the published ones, 
as 1: 16*2, a rather large proportion, especially if we consider the incom¬ 
pleteness of the material and the close vicinity to the main land. 
A considerable number of plants on the Andamans are only introduced, 
though some of these species in the surrounding countries are, without any 
hesitation, enumerated in their floras as indigenous. I noted not less than 76 
of these introduced species, while in Singapore the numbers are only 31. This 
great difference, however, is scarcely a real one, as we can be certain that most 
plants at the latter place are introduced only when they are known to be 
non-Indian forms. 
The introduced herbaceous plants on the Andamans are 74 in number; 
thus being in proportion to the woody plants as 37 : 1. Of these, seven only 
are American; which are, therefore, surpassed in number by nine times 
the introduced species from the old Continent. As regards dissemination, 
the American species supersede the old Asiatic forms (except grasses), however, 
in number of individuals. 
An enquiry into the causes of the different modes of immigration of the 
non-indigenous plants on the Andamans would show that the whole number 
has been introduced by the agency of man, direct and indirect—a fact which 
also proves how little chance there is for exotic plants to cross the sea. I am 
inclined also to believe that introduction by means of winds, birds, &c., is 
applicable only to continents and adjacent islands, but not to isolated groups 
of islands. The Andamans will become an instructive spot for inquiries into 
the change of a flora by introductions. As I directed my full attention to 
herbaceous plants, I hope that I have noted nearly all the plants growing at 
my visit in the cleared lands. 
The study of the tree vegetation I consider the most important part of a 
flora. Hr. E. Mueller, in Melbourne, in drawing up a list of the Australian 
forest trees, has pointed out the dissimilarity of the New Holland and New 
Zealand tree vegetation. Euture inquiries into the tree vegetation of the 
Indian flora (but also of all other floras) will cause a considerable rectification 
of earlier statements, and will show the wrong deductions we arrived at in 
ascribing too much importance to herbaceous plants. A glance at the nume¬ 
rous lists, exhibiting the more striking resemblances between remote floras, 
