( 15 ) 
Such a change, however, is not only confined to the flora, hut affects also 
the fauna. Progs and toads are now croaking; snakes appear more numerous; 
snails are plentiful on the wet stemsand leaves ; fire-flies, before nowhere seen, 
appear, though in a moderate number, giving a dusky light, and cicades loudly 
chirp. But a swarm of pests accompany this delightful change, and whole hosts 
of musquitos, horse-flies, gnats, sand-flies, &c., in company with leeches, 
abound. 
20. The botanical features, as given above, evidently show that the 
Andamanese flora generally a Malayo- character of the Andaman floiU is a Bui lUGSC 0U6, 
Burmese one. altered by some unfavorable agencies, principally 
the scarcity of running waters ; and favored at the same time by its insular 
position and narrowness, a number of Malayan types grow here, which are 
not yet recorded from the opposite continent. 
I had only a few minutes 5 stay at Diamond Island in Pegu; but I was 
struck, when afterwards coming to the Andamans, by the similarity, nay rather 
identity, of the shore vegetation. A few Ceylon species indicate some relation 
between the Andamans and that island. Most of the species, as far as I have 
been able to collect, do not differ from those already known from the Burmese 
territory (principally Tenasserim), or which are preserved unpublished in the 
Herbarium in the Botanical Gardens, Calcutta. 
21. The peculiarities of the flora do not consist in the presence of many 
Peculiarities of the Andamanese new and rare species, but rather in the absence of 
flora. well known, and in the surrounding countries ex¬ 
ceedingly common, forms. As examples, I may quote Sacchamm spontaneum , 
Imperata arundinacea , Vernonia cinerea , Gleichenia dichotoma ; most species 
of Grewia , Blechnum orientals, Lycopodium cernuum , Selaginella , Hydrocotyle 
Asiatica , Jlelicteres, Polygala , Pterospermum semisagittatum , Quercus , Croto- 
laria , Indig of era, and numerous others. 
The disproportion between the genera and species in favor of the former 
is another fact worthy of mention, though it may happen that this inequality 
may be greatly reduced after the whole of the islands have been thoroughly 
explored. Already, after the first rains had set in, a number of species could 
be referred to genera which appeared to me during the dry season to consist 
of but a single species. 
The astonishing profusion of individuals of single species, though not 
so evident when visiting only a few localities, is another fact deserving men¬ 
tion. Nearly two-thirds of all the species enumerated in my list occur in one 
or other locality in great numbers ; comparatively few have been observed as 
single plants only, perhaps because I had not reached their centres. 
As the most important deficiencies in the flora of the Andaman Islands 
in comparison with the Burmese one, of which it must be considered to form 
part of, I may sum up— 
(1) .—Total absence of Magnoliacese, Onagrarieae, Umbelliferse, 
Vaccinieae, Antirrhineae, Labiatae, Polygonaceae, Amarantaceae, Sal- 
solaceae, Cupuliferae, Coniferae, Pontederiaceae, Hypoxideae, and a 
number of smaller families. 
(2) .—The absence of Nymphaeaceae, Halorageae, Lentibulariaceae, 
Najadeae, Lemnaceae, Hydropterides, Bicciaceae, and all other fresh 
water plants is in accordance with the scarcity of water during the 
dry season. 
It would be important to determine whether during the latter part of the 
rainy season short-lived water-plants would not spring up, as I observed already 
i 
