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A DiscMdia and a Hoya are nearly the only predominant climbers here. 
A few mosses and Jungermanniacece , as also a great number of cortical lichens, 
sometimes coyer the rough bark of the trees. 
In most places, no other trees are seen growing with these mangroves ; but 
in others, chiefly along the borders of the swamps, JEgiceras majus , Avicennia 
tomentosa , Sonneratia ctcidct and apetala , Lumnitzerci racemosa , Scyphophora 
hydrophyllacea , and some others may be met with. Acrostichum aureum 
occurs here in great abundance. A coarse glaucous Cyperus , Acanthus ilicifolius 
and A. ehracteatus are almost the only phanerogamic perennials I observed 
actually in the swamps. 
Along Middle Straits, on both shores, Phoenix paludosa and Licuala 
paludosa make their appearance unexpectedly, and in great abundance. These 
palms grow there sometimes amongst the Bhizophorce , though their natural 
station is behind them. Here also a coarse new Fimbristylis (Firnb . Anda - 
manica) is very abundant, but I found it nowhere else on these islands. 
Bordering the mangrove swamps (but along a great part of these islands 
directly bordering the sea, where mangroves do not grow from the steepness 
of the shores) a small zone of shore vegetation appears, which may be briefly 
designated a beach vegetation. This is confined to places where loose sand 
and rubbish of corals have been washed out by the sea, forming small beaches 
along the coast. 
The principal vegetable forms in these regions are Thespesia populnea , 
Hibiscus tiliaceus , Pongamia glabra , Eryihrina Indica , Guettarda speciosa , 
Heritiera liitoralis , Dalbergia sp., Jambosa , and Pandanus verus in abundance, 
and Cycas Bumphii occasionally, several white-flowered species of Pavetta , 
Intsia , Cynometra bijuga , Peltophorum ferrugineum , Nipa fruticans along 
the courses of the creeks; Barringtonia speciosa , Mimusops Indica in stunt¬ 
ed specimens, and Calophyllum Inopliyllum sometimes of enormous size. 
Besides these and others, a few leafless stunted trees were visible which I was 
unable to recognise. 
Excoecaria Agallocha presents sometimes a peculiar appearance, with its 
red colored deciduous leaves, especially along the muddy creek on Middle 
Andaman, and can be seen some miles distant from the sea. Shrubs of 
Atalantia monophylla with two species of Capparis occur, preferring situations 
where a rocky soil is prevalent; SccEvola Kcenigii can easily be recognised 
by its yellowish green leaves. Colubrina Asiatica and Guilandina JBonduc , as 
also Ccesalpinia nuga are troublesome thorny shrubs. 
South of Corbyn’s Cove arborescent Euphorbias (E. trigona and epiphyl - 
loides ) give a strange aspect to the character of the vegetation. 
Ipomcea campanulata , Calamus , Asparagus , Mucuna gigantea , Brachypterum 
scandens , several kinds of Vitis and Entada Purshceta are the climbing species 
I chiefly observed here. 
A Crinum ( G. toxicarium) is common all along the coast. A composite 
(Wollastonia scabriuscula) is the only herbaceous plant, it covers the sur¬ 
rounding shrubs in great abundance. Eranthemum album and Bcedalacanthus 
suffruticosus occur very frequently, but seem only descended from the more 
inland regions. 
Near the sea, on the whitish sand, patches of a coarse creeping grass 
(.Ischaemum muticum) and some creeping Phragmitoid grass are frequently 
met with. Ipomoea pes caprce is here a remarkable feature, with its shining 
dark green leaves. 
The species of epiphytic plants are not so numerous in this region, and 
are restricted nearly to the genera JEschynanthus , DiscMdia , and Hoya . A 
few orchids, as Cleisostoma , Saccolabium with Dendrobium crumenatum occur 
