Crisp & Chandler, Paraphyletic species 
835 
We are sure that other examples can be constructed in which paraphyletic taxa 
would positively mislead an application in comparative biology, if they were falsely 
assumed to be monophyletic. However in many cases, such as the biogeographic 
example above, the problem may be no greater than the addition of a degree of 
uncertainty. More attention should be given to the influence of paraphyletic species 
to such analyses, because inevitably and unwittingly, paraphyletic species are being 
used as if they were monophyletic. 
Acknowledgements 
We wish to thank the Coopers and Cladistics discussion group for many stimulating 
arguments over the nature of species. Belinda Alvarez de Glasby, Peter Cranston, 
Dan Faith, Chris Glasby, Penny Gullan, Peter Linder, Peter Weston, an anonymous 
referee and the Telopea editorial committee provided useful comments on the manuscript. 
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