tup: NATURALISTS' ( OMRANION. 
175 
Historical 
Geology. 
The time of ancient man has been 
divided as follows : 
A SERIAL. 
r>Y FRANKLIN C. JOHNSON. 
I. STONE AGE. 
1. Epoch Extinct Animals 
2. Reindeer Epoch. 
3. Polished Stone Epoch. 
The fossils of the Post-Tertiary Period 
are many. The quadrupeds take the 
lead. We shall describe a few of them. 
The Mammoth was a gigantic species 
of elephant. Its body, unlike that of 
the modern elephant, was covered with 
hair. 
The Mastodon was much like the 
modern elephant. When full grown it 
was twelve or more I'eet in height. A 
farmer, while digging in a bog, in War¬ 
ren County, N. J., found six skeletons. 
In the ribs of one was found parts of its 
undigested food. 
The Megatherium was a huge sloth, 
much larger than the largest existing 
rhinocerous. Its fore feet were three 
feet long and a foot broad. Its tail was 
two feet in diameter. There is a skele¬ 
ton of one in the British Museum which 
is eighteen feet long. 
The Glyptodon was clad in a shell, 
like that of the turtle. It was nine feet 
or more in length, 
I'he Cave-Bear was common. They 
often grew to the height of six feet and 
to the length of ten feet. 
The Hyena was plentiful in Ein-ope. 
The Irislr Elk had antlers which olten 
had a spread of three yards, from tip to 
tip. . ^ 
CHAPTER VIII. 
2. METAL AGE. 
1. Bronze Epoch. 
2. Iron Epoch. 
THE STONE AGE. 
EPOCH OF EXTINCT ANIMALS. 
Man built himself no houses during 
this epoch, but lived in caves. He 
made rude weapons of stone, with which 
he fought the savage Cave-bear, and 
hunted the Irish Elk and other animals. 
REINDEER EPOCH. 
Man was slowly advancing. He 
made his weapons better. He also 
learned to use the bones and tusks of 
the animals he killed, by making imple¬ 
ments of bone and ivory. He learned 
also to draw, in a rude way, upon bone 
and ivory, the outlines of the animals 
he hunted, 
POLISHED STONE EPOCH. 
Man was now more civilized. He 
made boats and ventured out on the 
sea or paddled around on the rivers and 
lakes. He raised a few vegetables and 
grains, 
THE METAL AGE. 
BRONZE EPOCH. 
Man made a great stride toward civili¬ 
zation. His weapons and tools are 
much better. The horse, sheep, goat 
and other animals are domesticated. 
He raises grain, etc., and stores it for 
winter use. 
MAN. 
Man probably appeared during the 
Champlain Period. 
We find his bones and his rude stone 
implements side by side with the bones 
of the Mammoth, Cave-bear, etc. 
IRON EPOCH. 
When man discovered iron he made 
another stride toward civilization, for 
what could he not do with iron ? From 
this time on, man rapidly advanced in 
civilization. 
