The 'jTatioralists’ Companion. 
13 
As far as cruelty is concerned, if there 
is any cruelty in it at all, there must be 
as much in taking a half as the whole of 
a set« 
Then there is another thing which the 
‘‘egg colledtor” does, which the student 
of oology would not think of doing. 
Most of them, instead of keeping their 
“colledtions” in boxes or cabinets for 
the purpose, either use them as orna¬ 
ments (.^) at their homes, by stringing 
them and hanging them up about the 
rooms, or sticking them on pasteboard 
or cloth for easy manipulation while 
“showing them off.” 
I'his, more clearly than anything else, 
shows that the vocation of the “egg col- 
ledtor” varies greatly from that of the 
oological student. I, for one, am glad 
to note the great progress of the later 
and the great retrogression of the former 
class of colledfors; and I hold that any 
person who attempts to propogate the 
old ideas of the “egg colledfor” should 
be considered an enemy to all true pro¬ 
gress in the science, and that any and 
all such attempts should be frustrated. 
A Visit to a Zinc Mine. 
BY C. S. MASON, EASTON, PENN. 
A short time since I went out on a 
tramp to Fridensville, (Pa.) after miner¬ 
als. This town has probably 500 or 
1,000 inhabitants, and lies nestled 
among the hills, being four miles from 
Bethlehem and five miles from Allen¬ 
town. Here are found extensive depos¬ 
its of zinc. Two large pits or beds are 
now being worked. Each bed is about 
350 leet wide by 1,000 feet long. All 
workings in the mine are carried on in 
the open air just the same as in marble 
or limestone quarries. Scarcely any 
tunnels are made, excepting between 
wide layers of rock, where the deposits 
of zinc silicate (calamine) are found. 
The ore is hoisted out of the mine by 
the aid of a small dummy engine, which 
works independent of the large pump¬ 
ing engine, a description of which may 
be found in the Scientific American 
Supplement, Vol. ii. No. 32, August 
5th, 1876. But for those who are un¬ 
able to procure the paper, I will copy 
it as I found it. 
“The engine has a pumping capacity 
of 15,000 gallons per minute, and can 
be run up to 19,000 gallons per minute 
in case of an emergency. The water is 
raised from a depth of 350 feet. 
The “President” (the name of the 
engine) weighs 650 tons, and including 
the pumps and boilers, the total weight 
is 1,000 tons. 
The cylinder is iio^ inches in diam¬ 
eter ; length of stroke, ten feet. The 
heaviest pieces of iron in the engine are 
the sedfions of the walking-beams, each 
of which weigh twenty-four tons. The 
fly-wheels weigh seventy-five tons each; 
crank pins one ton each. The piston- 
rod is fourteen inches in diameter; the 
cross-head weighs eight tons ; the con- 
nedting-rods have nine-inch necks and 
are fifteen inches in the middle, forty- 
one leet two and one-half inches in 
length, and weigh eleven tons each. 
There are also two air-pumps, each fifty 
inches in diameter. 
The engine-drives, or plunger-pumps, 
each thirty inches in diameter by ten- 
foot stroke; and foui lifting pumps, each 
thirty-one and a half inches in diameter 
by ten-foot stroke. The plunger-pumps 
are uppermost and stationary, the lift¬ 
ing pumps being in the bottom and 
movable, so as to go up and down as 
the shaft is sunk. To handle these lift- 
