The J^aturalists' Companion. 
broken arrows. I'hese scrapers are of 
many forms, the characteristic features 
being the neatly beveled edge, and the 
flat under surface. 
He may find in New York that form 
of stone axe known as the sett or deer- 
skinner, rough or finely polished, and 
somewhat like a stone chisel in form. 
In that State he is not likely to get the 
groved stone axe, unless in the southern 
part. In other States these are frequent. 
Gouges he may.find; flat and broad, 
long and neatly hollowed, picked or 
polished, and raiely with a grove across 
the back. 
Pestles may be square or cylindrical, 
from six inches to over two feet in length, 
and are often simply sandstone pebbles, 
flattened by grinding on one or both 
sides. Small oval i)ebbles may be mul- 
lers, having one or both surfaces ground 
flat; or they may be hammer-stones, 
with indentations on one or both sides; 
or sinkers, with notches at the edges, 
d'here is an endless variety of things of 
this kind. 
If he is fortunate, he may find a stone 
tube, neatly drilled from end to end ; or 
a flat stone with perforations, sometimes 
called a gorget; or a peiforated banner- 
stone, varying from the form of a pick¬ 
axe to that of a butterfly, d'he relic 
may be boat-shaped, or like a reel, a 
plummet, a cup, a bird-like form with 
or without projedfing ears, and many 
other odd shapes. Some of these are 
quite likely to be of a green strij^ed 
slate, or other ornamental stone. In 
one or two ])arts of New York he may 
find some large, thin, polished slate ar¬ 
rows or knives, much like the blade of a 
jackknife, but broader, and sharp on 
both edges. These are rare. 
A slender flint drill he may mistake 
for a broken arrow, if it is one of those 
il 
without a distindt base; but sometimes 
these are notched like an arrow, or ex¬ 
pand so as to appear like a gimlet. 
The surlace will yield only fragments 
of eai then ware, with lines, dots and 
projedlions, often very pretty ; but he 
may chance to get a clay pipe, and per¬ 
haps one curious in form. I have figur¬ 
ed one from Onondaga county which 
has fourteen human faces on what re¬ 
mains of it. In New York, clay pipes 
are often older than those of stone. 
Near the rivers he is quite likely to 
see fragments of soapstone vessels, with 
carved handles. Happy is he if he finds 
an implement of native copper, of which 
I have figured many arrows, spears, gou¬ 
ges, sinkers, beads and celts. The larg¬ 
est I have met with here is the straight 
celt, nearly three pounds in weight. 
The native copper implements are tra¬ 
versed by irregular longitudinal ridges; 
those introduced by the whites are 
smooth. 
If the young colledfor desires knowl¬ 
edge rather than pretty things, he will 
examine all forms that he finds, for 
than he will acquire some idea of the 
general character and occupation of those 
who have now passed away. 
A California Vampire Bat. 
The Los Angeles Herald describes a 
specimen of the vampire family recently 
discovered there : “This huge speci¬ 
men measured twenty inches from tip 
to tip of his wings, and was pretty well 
armed with teeth and claws. His head 
was as large as four or five ordinary bat 
heads combined, and well hooded with 
two ears fully as large as a half-dollar. 
His majesty was as vicious and warlike 
as a scorpion or tai;antula when confined, 
and his bite would probably be as dan¬ 
gerous. 
