G R E 
GREW, the preterite of grow: 
The pleating talk he fails not to renew; 
Soft and more foft at ev’ry touch it grew. Dryden. 
GREW (Nehemiah), an eminent phyfician, born at 
Coventry, in which city his father, Obadiah G/ew, D.D. 
was vicar of St. Michael’s church. He was brought 
up in the prelbyterian fe£i, his father having taken the 
covenant; and upon the change of things at the refto- 
ration, he was lent to ftudy in a foreign univerlity, 
where he took the degree of doctor of phyfic. He fet¬ 
tled firlt at Coventry ; but in 1672, he removed to Lon¬ 
don. Having made himfelf known as an ingenious en¬ 
quirer into nature, he was chofen a fellow of the Royal 
Society in 1672, on the recommendation of bilhop Wil¬ 
kins. That body, in 1677, appointed him their fecre- 
tary, in which capacity he publilhed the Philofophical 
TranfaCtions from Jan. 1677-8 to Feb. 1678-9. The 
college of phyficians admitted him an honorary fellow 
in 1680. He obtained confiderable practice, and was 
much efteemed, as well for his piety as his philofophi¬ 
cal knowledge. He died in 1711. Dr. Grew’s firlt 
publication was entitled, The Anatomy of Vegetables, 
begun 1671, i2ino. It was followed by An Idea of a 
Phytological Hiftory of Roots, 1673 ; and The Anato¬ 
my of Trunks, 1675. Thefe feparate pieces conftituted 
the three firlt books of the great work, The Anatomy 
of Plants, wi,th an Idea of a Philofophical Hiftory of 
Plants; 1682, folio, with many plates. This is a truly 
excellent performance, replete with curious obferva- 
tions concerning the intimate ftrufture of vegetables 
and their parts, in the examination of which he dili¬ 
gently employed microfcopes and other helps. He alfo 
wrote A Catalogue and Defcription of the Natural and 
Artificial Rarities belonging to the Royal Society; to 
which is added, the Comparative Anatomy of Stomachs 
and Guts, begun 1681, folio. This laft, which was 
the fubftance of papers read before the Royal Society, 
contains much valuable defcription of the primas vise, 
as exifting in a great number of animals. A Latin trea- 
tife on Epfom and other purging falts, 1695, and fome 
papers in the Philofophical Tranfadftions, complete his 
profeflional works. He concluded his labours with a 
book defigned to ferve the caufe of religion, entitled, 
Cofmographia Sacra, or a Difcourfe of the Univerfe, as it 
is the Creature and Kingdom of God, 1701, folio. In 
this he not only fupports the do&rines of theifm, but 
argues in favour of the Jewifh and Chriftian revelations. 
He maintains the exiftence of a vital fubftance in na¬ 
ture, diftindtfrom a body, which, as well as Cudworth’s 
plaftic form, has been charged by Bayle as the admif- 
fion of an unconfcious principle of action, fimilar to that 
of the atheifts; but Le Clerc endeavours very ration¬ 
ally to free them frorp this unnatural confequence. 
GREW'ESMUHLEN, or Grew'ism.«h len, a town 
of Germany, in the circle of Lower Saxony, and duchy 
of Mecklenburg: fourteen miles weft of Wifrnar. 
GREW'IA,]/. [fo named by Linnaeus, in honour of 
Nehemiah. Grew, M.D. F.R.S. the famous author of the 
Anatomy of Vegetables.] In botany, a genus of the clafs 
gynandria, order polyandria, but removed by Schreber 
into polyandria monogynia ; natural order of columni- 
ferae, (tiliaceae, JuJf.) The generic characters are— 
Calyx: perianthium five-leaved ; leaflets lanceolate, up¬ 
right, leathery, coloured within, fpreading, deciduous. 
Corolla : petals five, the fame form with the calyx, 
often fmaller, emarginate at the bafe; neCtary, a fcale 
inferted into each petal at the bafe, thickifh, bent in, 
inclined to a rim furrounding the ftyle. Stamina: fila¬ 
ments very numerous, the length of the petals, briftle- 
fhaped, inferted into the bafe of the germ; antherae 
roundifh. Piftillum : germ pedicelled, roundilh, fitting 
on a columnar upright receptacle, furrounded by a 
five-cornered rim ; ftyle filiform, the length of the fta- 
mens; ftigma obtufe, four-cleft. Pericarpium; berry 
Vol.IX, No. 362, 
G R E 21 
four-lobed, four-celled. Seeds: folitary, gldbuiar, one- 
celled.— EJfential Charafier. Calyx five-leaved ; petals 
v five, with a nettareous fcale at the bafe of each ; berry 
four-celled. 
Species. 1. Grewia oecidentalis, or elm-leaved grewia: 
leaves fubovate, flowers folitary. This will grow' to the 
height of ten or twelve feet, and has a Item and branches 
very like thofe of the fmall-leaved elm, the bark being 
fmooth, and of the fame colour as that of elm when 
young; the leaves are alfo very like thofe of the elm, 
and fall off in winter: the flowers are produced fingly 
along the young branches from the axils, and are of a 
bright purple colour; they appear towards the end of 
July, and continue through Auguft to the beginning 
of September, but are never fucceeded by fruit in this 
country. It appears from Plukenet that it was cultiva¬ 
ted in 1692 in the royal garden at Hampton Court 
2. Grewia populifolia, or poplar-leaved grewia: leaves 
orbiculate, peduncles folitary, one-flowered. This is a 
branching flirub ; the branches flender, fmooth, afh-co- 
loured ; leaves petioled, alternate, fcattered, unequally 
and bluntly tooth-crenate, veined, very fmooth above,, 
fcarcely pubefcent beneath ; hairs ftellate, vifible only 
with a magnifier. Allied to the foregoing, but of a loofer 
habit, with the leaves hanging down like thofe of Po- 
pulus tremula, having ftellate hairs beneath; the flow¬ 
ers are a little fmaller. 
3. Grewia orientalis, or oriental grewia : leaves fub- 
lanceolate, flowers folitary. Allied to the firlt fort. It 
is a tree of a middling fize; native of the Eaft indies, 
and flowers in July and Auguft. 
4. Grewia laevigata, or fmooth grewia: leaves ellip¬ 
tic, acuminate, fmooth on both fides, quite entire at the 
bale, peduncles three-flowered. Branches with a pur¬ 
ple bark dotted with white; leaves from two to three 
inches long. It differs from the next in having longer 
leaves, quite entire, and without glands at the bafe, arid 
three-flowered long peduncles. It is a native of the 
Eaft Indies, where it Was obferved by Koenig. 
5. Grewia glandulofa, or glandular grewia: leaves 
ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, fmooth on both fides, glan¬ 
dular at the bafe; flowers folitary, fubfeflile. Native 
of the Ifle of France. 
6. Grewia hirfuta, or hairy grewia : leaves lanceolate- 
ovate, foft; calyxes very hairy; peduncles three-flow¬ 
ered. Found by Koenig on the tops of mountains in the 
Eaft Indies. 
7. Grewia excelfa, or tall grewia ; leaves oblong, be¬ 
neath tomentofe, hoary. 
8. Grewia Afiatica, or Afiatic grewia : leaves cordate. 
A tree with the branches fcarcely tomentofe; leaves 
tomentofe underneath, the fize of apple-leaves ; petals, 
not bigger than the calyx; berries fmall, red, acid. 
Native of Surat. 
9. Grewia tilaefolia, or linden-leaved grewia : leaves 
cordate-roundifh, fmooth on both fides, peduncles fhort- 
er than the petiole. Branches fmooth, with a brown 
bark very minutely dotted with afti.colour; leaves a 
hand breadth and more. Native of the Eaft Indies. 
10. Grewia malococca, or South-fea grewia: leaves 
cordate, ovate-oblong, crenate, fcabrous; pedicels.axil¬ 
lary, three-flowered ; fruit tetracoccous. The difference 
by which this may be known from the other fpecies' is 
with difficulty made out, fays Linnaeus ; but Juflieu ob- 
ferves that it is diftindt by having no fcales to the pe- - 
tals, the germ feflile, and the ftones or nuts not two- 
celled. The berry is obtufely four-cornered, depreffed, 
fcabrous on all fides with minute briftles ; the ftones are 
ovate-acuminate, turgidly lens.fhaped, wrinkled and 
rough with very fmall tubercles, one-celled, thick, and 
hard. Seeds folitary, and four in the whole berry, ob- 
ovate, remarkably tapering downwards, fomewhat livid. 
Native of the iilands of Tongataboo and Huaheine in the 
South Seas. 
11. Grewia velutina, or velvet grewia; leaves oval, 
G very 
