28 G R I 
tioned, an extraordinary aft was kept for the entertain¬ 
ment of king Edward’s vifitors, he was one of the four 
difputants lelefted out of the ableft fcholars in the uni- 
verfity, to debate the queftions, “Whether tranfubftan- 
tiation could be proved by plain and manifeft words of 
Scripture ?” and “Whether it might be colledted and 
Confirmed by the confentof fathers for a thoufand years 
after Chrift ?” Grindal maintained the negative on 
both queftions, and acquitted himfelf on the occafion 
with great honour and applaufe. Mis learning, piety, 
and virtue, recommended him to the acquaintance of 
Dr. Ridley, then biftiop of London, and to that of the 
celebrated Martin Bucer, who entertained a great efteem 
for him. In 1550 biftiop Ridley appointed him his 
chaplain ; and in the following year collated him to the 
precentorfiiip of St. Paul’s cathedral. His next pro¬ 
motion was to the honourable appointment of chaplain 
to his majefty, which took place towards the clofe of 
the year laft-mentioned ; and in 1552 he obtained a ftall 
in Weftminfter-abbey. Upon the death of king Ed¬ 
ward, in 1553, Mr. Grindal retired into Germany, to 
a^oid the perfecution under queen Mary, and fettled 
at Strafburg, where he applied with great diligence to 
the ftudy of the German language, in order to qualify 
liimfelf to preach in the churches of that country. 
While in Germany, he was very induftrious in collect¬ 
ing authentic accounts of the lives and writings of the 
fuff ere rs in England for the proteftant religion, which 
he prefented to Mr. John Fox, who inferted them in 
his Adis and Monuments. Upon the death of queen 
Mary, in 1558, he returned to England, and was em¬ 
ployed, among others, in preparing the new Liturgy 
which was to be prefented to queen Elizabeth’s firft 
parliament. He was alfo one of the eight proteftant 
divines chofen for the royal vifitation in the north, to 
require the oath of fupremacy, and to infpeft cathe¬ 
drals and the manners of the clergy. Under this vifita¬ 
tion the univerfiries were comprehended ; and at Cam¬ 
bridge Dr. Young was removed from the mafterfhip of 
Pembroke-hall for refufing the oath of fupremacy, and 
Mr. Grindal chofen in his room, in 1559. 
In the fame year, Mr. Grindal was nominated to the 
bifhopric of London, in the room of Bonner; and in 
1560 he was appointed one of the queen's ecclefiaftical 
commiflioners, and, in conjundlion with the archbiihop 
of Canterbury, reformed the calendar, and ordered that 
the ten commandments in Englilh fttould be fet up upon 
the eaft wall of every church throughout the kingdom. 
In 1563, he was employed, together with the archbiihop 
of Canterbury and fome civilians, in preparing, for the 
firft time, a book’of fixed ftatutes for Chrilt-church 
college, Oxford. In November 1564, he preached a 
fermon in St, Paul’s cathedral, in honour of the empe¬ 
ror Ferdinand, lately deceafed, which was afterwards 
printed. 
In 1570, biftiop Grindal was tranflated- to the arcli- 
bifhopric of York, which promotion he owed chielly to 
the patronage and intereft of lecretary Cecil. One of 
the firft ferviccs which he rendered to his fee was the 
recovery by law of a houfe and lands at Batterfea, in 
Surrey, formerly belonging to the archbilhops of Y'ork, 
which were intended for their convenience when they 
came up to parliament or convocation, or on account 
of other bufinefs at court. He alio exercifed great 
care to prevent ignorant and unqualified perfons from 
holding benefices in his church. W ith this view he 
provided that all who caine for inftitution to livings 
ihouid be well examined ; and fuch as were found de¬ 
fective in learning and abilities he rejected, notwith- 
ftanaing their preientations. Of his attention in this 
refpedl Mr. Strype has mentioned an inftance, which 
thews what grolsly ignorant perfons had at that time 
fufficient interelt to be admitted into the clerical office. 
“One William Ireland, (fays he,) was prefented to the 
reCtory of Hurthill j who, coming to the archbiihop. 
G R I 
was examined by the archbifhop’s chaplain. In his- 
prefentation were thefe words, Vefiri humiles & obedientes, 
which the chaplain required him to conftrue, to under- 
ftand his ability in Latin. But he expounded them 
Your humblenefs and obedience. The chaplain afked him 
again, Who brought the children of Ifrael out of Egypt ? 
He anfwered, King Saul. And being afked, Who was 
firft circumcifed ? he could not anfwer. Wherefore the 
archbifhop rejected him.” 
Upoirthe death of archbifhop Parker in 1575, arch¬ 
bifhop Grindal was advanced to the metropolitan fee of 
Canterbury ; after which queen Elizabeth peremptorily 
required him to abridge the number of puritanical 
preachers, and to put down their religious exercifes. 
Archbifhop Grindal, however, entertaining different 
fentiments from the queen, inftead of giving directions 
to his archdeacons to obey her commands, wrote a long 
letter to that princefs, which he concluded with re- 
quefting that her majefty would leave ecclefiaftical 
matters to the bifhops and divines of the realm, with¬ 
out deciding upon them in the fame peremptory manner 
as in civil affairs; fuch decifions being “the antichrif- 
tian voice of the pope, Sic volo, Jic jubeo, Jlet pro ratione 
voluntas, or, So I wjll have it, fo I command, let my 
pleafure be ftated as the only reafon for it.” This let¬ 
ter, inftead of producing moderation, exafperated the 
qneerf, who caufed an order to be fent him From the 
ftar-chamber, in June 1577, which confined him imme¬ 
diately to his houfe, and lequeftered him from his archi- 
epifcopal functions. In 1379, he was liberated from 
his confinement, or had leave to retire for his health to 
his houfe at Croydon ; for we find him there, confe- 
crating the biftiop of Exeter in that year, and the bi¬ 
fhops of Winchefter, and of Litchfield and Coventry, 
in the year following. This part of his archiepifcopal 
function he exercifed, by commiflion from the queen, 
even under his fequeftration ; but the other affairs of 
his fee were managed during that interval by two civi¬ 
lians, appointed by the queen and council for that pur- 
pofe. It is uncertain at what precife time his fequeftra¬ 
tion was taken off, though it feeins mod probably to 
have been in 1582. In that year the archbifhop totally 
loft his fight, which had for fome time been impaired 
in confequence of his fevere application to his ftudies; 
and being at the fame time affliCled by a complication 
of painful diforders, he refigned his dignity, and ob¬ 
tained a promife of a penfien for life from the queen, 
whofe favour he never recovered, becaufe he would 
never acknowledge himfelf in the wrong for having re- 
fifted her majefty’s commands. It is not certain that 
the bufinefs of his refignation and penfion was entirely 
completed before his death, which took place at Croy¬ 
don in 1583, when he was fixty-three years of age. He 
was a prelate of confiderable learning, great piety, un¬ 
common moderation for the age in which lie lived, and 
of unblanieable and exemplary manners. To him the 
French proteftants were greatly indebted for afliftance 
in obtaining permiflion to open a church in London, ac¬ 
cording to their own formularies and dif’cipline; which 
was the origin of the French church in Threadneedle- 
ftreet. Hone of his writings were publifhed, excepting 
the Sermon above-mentioned, and A Dialogue between 
Cuftom and Truth, publifhed in Fox’s AidsandMonu- 
ments, vol. ii. towards the conclufion of the ninth book. 
GRIN'DELWALD, a town of Swiflerland, in the 
canton of Berne, at the foot of a celebrated glacier; 
twenty-three miles l’outh-fouth-eaft of Thun. 
GRIN'DER, f. One that grinds ; one that works in 
a mill.—The inftrument of grinding ; 
His heart a folid rock, to fear unknown. 
And harder than the grinder’s nether ftone. Sandys. 
[gjvmb The back teeth; the double teeth. 
Mojlly plural. —The teeth are in men of three kinds; 
fliarp, as the fore-teeth; broad, as the back-teeth, 
which 
