32 
& R I 
in a de round, or intire circles ; but where the gullet 
touch.e's;fhe windpipe* there, to fill up the circle, is only 
p foft membrane, which may eafily give way to the di¬ 
latation of the gullet. Ray. 
GRIST'LINESS, /. The (late or quality of being 
griftly. Scott. 
GRIST'LY, adj. Cartilaginous; made of griftle.— 
Fins are made of griftly fpokes, or rays, connected by 
membranes ; • fo that they may be contracted or ex¬ 
tended like women’s fans. Ray. 
Each pipe, diftingulfli’d by its griftly rings, 
To cherith life aerial pafture brings. Blackmorc. 
GRIS'TO, a town of Germany, in the circle of Up¬ 
per. Saxony, in Anterior Pomerania : one mile weft. 
South-weft of Cammin. 
GRIS'TO.W, afmall ifland of Germany, in the circle 
of Upper Saxony, fituated in the Direnow, between 
the town of Cammin and the ifland of Wollin, in An¬ 
terior Pomerania. 
GRIT* f . [gjaytta, gpeot:, Sax.] The coarfe part 
of ideal. Oats hulked, or coarfely ground. Sand; 
rough hard particles,—Silefian bole, crackling a little 
(betwixt the teeth, yet without the leaft particle of grit, 
feels asfrnooth as foap. Grew. 
The fturdy pear-tree here 
Will rife luxuriant, and with tougheft root 
Pierce the obftructing grit and reftive marie. * Philips. 
GRIT'-STONE, f . A ftone confifting of fand agglu¬ 
tinated together. Its properties differ according to the 
finenefs or coarfenefs of its grain, and the finnnefs of 
its texture. Some kinds are pounded, to convert them 
again into fand ; others are ufed for building, others 
for grinding edge tools, and others for filtering water, 
••Commonly called ftltering-ftones. 
GRITH,/! [Saxon.] Peace, concord, agreement. 
GRITH'BREECHE, /. A breach of the peace. 
GRITH'STOLE, f. A fanCtuary ; a place of refuge 
for malefactors. — 
GRIT'TINESS,y. Sandinefs; the quality of abound¬ 
ing in grit.—In fuller*s-earth he could find no fand by 
•the microfcope, nor any grittinefs. Mortimer. 
To GRIT'TLE, v. a. [from grit.~\ To grind coarfely. 
Scott. 
GRIT'TY, adj. Full of hard particles; confifting of 
grit.—I could not difcern the unevennefs_of the fur- 
face of the powder, nor the little fhadows let fall from 
the gritty particles thereof. Newton. 
GRITZ'GALLEN, a town of the duchy of Cour- 
■land : twenty miles fouth-fouth-weft of Scelburg. 
GRIVE (John de la), an efteemed French geometer 
and geographer, born at Sedan, in 16kg. In his early 
years he difcovered a ftrong inclination for the ftudy of 
the mathematics, but was lent to Paris, where he en¬ 
tered into the congregation of the priefts of St. Laza¬ 
rus, in which he fpent feveral years. Having taken or¬ 
ders, he was fent by his fuperiors into Poland, where, 
in 1713, he filled the poll of profefTor of theology, in a 
college belonging to the order at Cracow. During the 
following year he returned to Paris, and foon afterwards 
quitted the congregation, that he might follow the na¬ 
tural bent of his mind, by devoting his time to the 
ftudy of geometry, trigonometry, &c. In 1728, he 
publiflied A Plan of Paris, which .was ably and accu¬ 
rately defigned. Afterwards, he.publiflied, The Envi¬ 
rons of Paris; A Plan of Verfailles ; The Gardens of 
Marly ; and, A Survey of the Royal Domains in the 
Vicinity of Paris-; which are admirably executed, and 
held in much eftimafion. In 1754, he publiflied A Ma¬ 
nual of Spherical Trigonometry. He was appointed 
geographer to the city of Paris, and was employed to 
iurvey and draw a plan of the river Seine, from its 
fource to its mouth, as well as of all the principal rivers 
that empty themfelves into it. He was alfo employed, 
G R O 
conjointly with Caffini, in determining the meridian of 
the obfervatory at Paris. The laft work which he un¬ 
dertook was, A Topography of Paris, upon a grand 
fcale, in which every part of the city was to be laid 
down with diftinCtnefs, and inexaCt proportion, accord¬ 
ing to actual meafurement. But before he had ac.com- 
plifhed this grand deftrgn, he was cut off by death in 
. 1757, at fixty-eight years of age. Some flveets of this 
grand work were afterwards publiflied by M. Huguin, 
the author’s pupil. 
GRIVEN'SKOI, a town of Ruffia, in the province 
of Uftiug, on the Sula : ninety-fix miles eaft of Lalik. 
GRIZOL'LES, a town of France, in the department 
of the Upper Garonne, and chief place of a canton, in 
the diftrict of Cartel Sarrazin : five leagues foutli- 
fouth-eaftof Cartel Sarrazinyand five north of Touloufe. 
GRI'ZY, a town of France, in the department of the 
Seine and Oife, and chief place of a canton, in the dif- 
trift of Pontoife : five miles north-weft of Pontoife. 
GRIZ'ZLE,/. [from gris, grey; grfaille, Fr.] A 
mixture of white and black; grey : 
O thou diflembling cub ! what wilt thou be, 
When time hath fow’d a grizzle on thy face. Skakefpeare. 
GRIZ'ZLED, adj. Interfperfed with grey.—To the 
boy Caefar fend this grizzled head. Skakefpeare. 
Thofe grizzled locks, which nature did provide 
In plenteous growth their afles ears to hide. Drftden. 
GRIZ'ZLY, adj. [from gris, grey, Fr.] Somewhat 
grey,—Living creatures generally do change their hair 
with age, turned to be grey and white; as is feen in 
men, though fome earlier, fome later; in horfes thaf- 
are dappled and turn white; and in old fquirrels that 
turn grizzly. Bacon. 
GRO'AIS ISLE, a fmall ifland near the eaft coaft oc 
Newfoundland. Lat.51.N- Ion. 53.30. W. Greenwich. 
GRO'AIX, a fmall ifland in the Atlantic, near the 
weft coaft pf France, and department of the Morbihan, 
about four miles long, and one and a half wide: fix 
leagues north-north-weft of Belle Ifle. Lat. 47. 37. N, 
Ion. 14. 9. E. Ferro. 
To GROAN, v.n. [gjianan, Sax. gronen, Dut.] To 
breathe with a hoarfe noife, as in pain or agony._Men 
groan from out of the city, and the foul of the wounded 
crieth out. Job xxiv. 12. 
So Ihall the world go on, 
To good malignant, to bad men benign. 
Under her own weight groaning. Milton. 
GROAN, f . Breath expired with noife and difficulty, 
from pain, faintnefs, or wearinefs : 
I led to daughter, and to flaughter leave; 
And e’en from hence their dying groans receive. Dryden. 
Hence aching bofoms wear a vifage gay, 
And ftifled groans frequent the ball and play. Young. 
Any hoarfe dead found : 
Such fheets of fire, fuch burfts of horrid thunder. 
Such groans of roaring wind and rain, I never 
Remember to have heard. Sliakefpeart. ' 
GROAN'FUL, adj. Sad ; agonizing. Not ufed. 
Adown he keft it with fo puifl’ant wreft, 
That back again it did aloft rebound. 
And gave againft his mother earth a groanful found. 
Spenfer. . 
GROAT, f . \_groot, Dut. groffo, Ital.] A piece vaj. 
lued at four-pence. A proverbial name for afmall fum. 
—Imagine a perfon of quality to marry a woman much 
his inferior, and without a groat to her fortune. Swift. ■ 
My mother was wont 
To call them woollen vaflals, things created 
To buy and fell with groats. Shakefpeare. 
x I dare 
