G U I 
which, together with many other of the native plants 
of Guiana, have not yet found their way into the Lin- 
nasan fyflem. One of thefe, called the cokarito palm, is 
remarkable for its hard fplintery wood, of which the 
fmall poifoned arrows are conftrudted. The other, the 
manicole palm, grows only in the deepeft and moft fertile 
foil, where it attains the height of-fifty feet, while its 
Item in the thickeft part is fcarcely nine-inches in dia¬ 
meter. The amiotta (bixa orellana) feems rsj be here in 
its favourite climate, as appears from its magnitude of 
growth and brilliancy of colour. The quaffia, whofe in- 
tenfe bitternefs isbecome familiarto Englifli palates, and 
the quaflias imarouba, a medicinal drug of great efficacy, 
are alfo natives of Guiana; nor ought we to omit the 
mention of the ricinus or caftor-oil nut, the caflia fiftula, 
palm-oil, the cowhage (dolichos pruriens), the balfam of 
capivi, and ipecacuanha. The herbaceous plant noticed 
above by the name of troolies, grows here in abundance ; 
the leaves are the largeft of any yet known ; they lie on 
the ground, and have beert found of the length of thirty 
feet, by three feet in width: f'o admirable a material for 
covering has not been bellowed on this country in vain ; 
mod of the houfes in the fettlements are thatched with 
it, and it will laft fome years without requiring repair. 
The eladic gum, called caoutchouc, is produced from a 
large tree inhabiting French Guiana ; and here it is ufed 
for veflels of various kinds, and for torches. A fmall 
tree called caruna, yields a farinaceous nut, from which 
the flow poifon of the Akkawau Indians is prepared, the 
certain though protradled indrument of jealoufy or re¬ 
venge. Still more.certain, becaufe more rapid, is the 
Ticuna poifon, the dreadful.equal of that from Ma- 
caflar : it is prepared from the roots of certain climbers 
called nibbees, which creep through the entangled foreds 
of thefe immeafurable fvvamps, and are a condant fliel- 
ter to the panthers, the ferpents, and all thole mon- 
drous reptiles that generate and fatten in thefe unfre¬ 
quented and impenetrable fwampy regions. 
The mod confiderable of the Indian nations of Guiana 
are the Caribbees, the Arvaques, the Yawahoos, the 
Akkawaus, and the Galibis. They are well propor¬ 
tioned, for the mod part, with confiderable ftrength and 
aiSlivity. The Charaibes, or Caribbees, are enterprifing, 
and fo cautious of furprife, that they pod out-guards and 
centinels with as much care and art as the Europeans. 
The Galibis are more addidled to-peace; they manufac¬ 
ture hammocks and cotton beds, and are very ingenious. 
Such as are near the Europeans have adopted dre-arms. 
The Charaibes in the Wed Indies are thought to derive 
their origin from thefe nations. The Charaibes of Gui¬ 
ana dill fondly cherilh the tradition of fir Walter Ra¬ 
leigh’s alliance ; and to this day preferve' the Englilh 
colours which he left with them at parting above 190 
years ago: a flattering circumfiance to the Britilh army 
on its recent conqued of the fettlements in that exten- 
live country. 
GUIANDOT', a river of the American States, in 
Virginia, which rifes in the Cumberland mountain, and 
running a north-by-wed courfe about eighty miles, falls 
into the Ohio river about thirty-four iniles'below the 
Great Kanhaway. It is about lixty yards wide at its 
mouth, and as many miles navigable for canoes. 
GUI A'RA, a town of Terra Firma, on the Curacoa 
coad. ItS'harbour is 212 miles ead of Maracaibo, where, 
in the years 1739 and 1743, the Britilh were repulled, 
and left fojue men in attacking this place.’ Lat. 10. 39. S. 
ion. 66. 1. W. 
GU IB A'RA, a town of the illand of Cuba : fixty-five 
miles north of St. Jago. 
GUIBAR'RA, a river of Ireland, in the county Qf 
Donegal, which runs into the Atlantic : thirteen miles 
north of Killybegs, 
GUI'BERT, a celebrated abbot and hidorian, born 
in 1053, of a didinguilhed family in the diocele of Beau¬ 
vais. e\t the age of twelve he entered into the monadery 
Vet. IX. No. 567, 
G V I 81 
of St. Germer, where he took the habit. In 1104, he 
was elefted abbot of Nogent-fous-Couci, in the diocefe 
of Laon, where he died in 1124. His works were pub- 
lifhed by Dom. Lite. d’Achery in 1651, folio. They con- 
fid of-his Life, a treatife on preaching, another on re- 
liques, and feveral other curious pieces, of which the 
mod valuable is his hifiory of the firfi crufade, com¬ 
monly entitled Gejla Dei per Francos. This is an interefl- 
ing performance, written in a lively dyle, and containing 
much valuable nanation. 
GUI'BERT (Jacques-Antoine-Hypolifc), a diftin- 
guiffied writer on military fubjedts, fon of an officer of 
rank and merit, born at Montauban in 1743. At the age 
of thirteen he accompanied his father to the war in Ger¬ 
many, and ferved with him fix campaigns, during which 
he was prefent at mod of the afitions which occurred. 
On the return of peace he applied diligently to the fludy 
of military taffies, to which he was enthuliadically de¬ 
voted. He refumed the pradtice of it in the war of Cor- 
fica, where he ferved under the marlhal de Vaux, w ho 
placed great confidence in his talents. His great fliare 
in the decifive vidtory at Ponte-Nuovo procured him the 
commiflion of colonel, and upon his return he was ho¬ 
noured with the crofs of St. Louis. Soori after, lie was 
appointed commandant of a corps raifed under the title 
of the Corfican legion. In 1770, he publilhed his great 
work, EJJai Generale de TaElique. After an elegant and 
philofophical preliminary difeourfe, and an introdudlion, 
the author takes up the fubjedt of tadlics from the fir ft 
drilling of the foldier to that-complicated and grand 
fcience, “ la grande taBique.-' In 1773, he made an eifay 
in dramatic hiftory, and his tragedy of The Conftable 
Bourbon was reprefented at Verfailles, at the marriage 
of the princefs Clotilda. It was followed by The 
Gracchi, and Anne Boleyn; In thefe pieces there was 
elevation, energy, charadter, and fentiments; but the 
didtion was'cenfured by the critics,'and it does not appear 
that they continue on the ftage. He next compofed his 
two eulogies of Catinat and the Chancellor de l’Hopita!. 
Though not crowned by the academy, they were much 
admired, efpecially the latter. They contain many ar¬ 
dent fentiments fin favour of liberty and the rights of 
mankind; which alfo mark all his other writings. An 
undertaking of great labour was his Hifiory of the French 
Military, intended to embrace the military fyftem of 
all the nations of Europe. He carried it down as far as 
the eleventh century, and it remain's among his papers 
in a Hate fit for publication. While he was engaged 
upon a furvey of the detached companies of invalids 
polled in the Alps and Pyrenees, the French academy 
eledled him a member. His difeourfe on adiniflion was 
admired for its eloquence, and excited the fenfibility of 
the audience. His Eulogy on the King of Prullia is an 
elaborate performance, making a volume of 300 pages. 
A change in the French miniftry having produced 
the eftablifhment of a council of war for the manage¬ 
ment of military affairs, Guibert was created a member 
and rapporteur of it. This office revived all his activity ; 
a new code was projedled, but it met with cenfures and 
oppofers from all quarters, and the plan was finally 
abandoned. The great event.of the revolution was not 
likely to be regarded by him with apathy. Sheltering 
himfelf againft prejudice by borrowing the name of 
Raynal, he publifhed a volume entitled De la Force Pub- 
lique conjideree fous tous Rapports. In this he maintained 
the principle of a concurrence of the legiflative and 
executive powers in deciding upon war and peace, and 
pointed'out the means of fecuring the conffitution againft 
the influence of the army. He did not long furvive; 
being carried off by a fever, May 6, 1790, at the age of 
forty-feven. He left a widow, and one daughter. His 
widow made public, in 1803, the minutes left by her huf- 
band of his German Tour, in 2 vols. 8vo. They were 
not prepared for the prefs, but contain fome inftrudtive 
matter, and difplay the'fagacious-obferver and the en- 
Y lightened 
