G U I 
few Italian poets who have happily transfufed into the 
language the. fire and vehemence of Pindar. He at¬ 
tempted a tragedy, but was diffuaded from proceeding 
by his friends, who thought his genius not fuited to 
that kind of compofition. He then began a verfion of 
the Pfalms, which labour was interrupted b'y a call he 
received from prince Eugene, governor- of Lombardy, 
to aflift in a plan for dimihifhing the public burthens. 
In this bufinefs ]te fucceeded fo well, that he was en¬ 
rolled in the number of Pavefe patricians. He died at 
Frefcati, June 1712. 
GUI'DI (Guido.), called Vidus Vidius , an eminent phy¬ 
fician of th.e fixteenth century, born at Florence. Af¬ 
ter praftifing for fometime in his own country, he went, 
about 1542, to France, where he wasgracioufiy received 
by Francis I. who afligned him a pcnfipn, and made 
•him his firfi phyfician, and prdfeffbr of medicine in-the 
College-Royal. After the death of Francis, he was re¬ 
called into Italy by duke Cofmo I. who nominated him 
his firfi: phyfician, and gave him the chair of philofophy, 
and then of medicine, in the univerfity of Pifa, which 
he occupied for twenty years. He was rewarded with 
feveral ecclefiaftical benefices, which was then a com¬ 
mon mode of recompenfing phyficians, and other men 
of".learning. He was much efteemed by the literary 
characters of his time, and in 1553 was made conful of 
the Florentine academy. He died in 1369. Guidi pub- 
lifhed at Paris, in 1544, a fplendid edition of the Greek 
furgeons, tranflated into Latin, folio, with critical and 
paraphraftical commentaries. Long after his death, his 
nephew, Guido Guidi the younger, alfo a profeflor of 
Pifa, publifiied his pofthumous works, confifting of Ars 
Medicinalis, on the practice of phyfic, in two parts, and 
Chirurgia, in four books. One of the books of this 
work contains the Anatomy of the* Human Body, and 
has the figures of V'efalius and the difcoveries of Fallo¬ 
pius, with feveral things of the writer’s own. The. 
whole works of Guidi, or Vidius, were publifiied at 
Frankfort, 1626, 1645, 1677, folio. 
GUIDICCIO'Nl (John,), an Italian poet and pre¬ 
late, born at Lucca in 1300. After having received an 
education in Various univerfities of Italy, he was placed 
by his uncle, cardinal Bartholomew Guidiccioni, in the 
fervice of cardinal Alexander Farnefe, afterwards pope 
Paul III. He there cultivated the friendfiiip of all the 
men of letters with whom Rome abounded, and especi¬ 
ally of Annibal Caro. Fie retired to his native place in 
x533, but in the next year was recalled to Rome by his 
patron, who made him governor of the city, and bifliop 
of Foflombrone. In 1533 he was fent nuncio to the 
emperor Charles V. whom he accompanied in his expe¬ 
dition to Tunis, and bn other journeys. He was made, 
prefident of Romagna! in 1339, and afterwards commif- 
fary-general of the pontifical army, and governor of the 
Marche; he would probably have been railed to the 
purple, had he not been carried off by difeafe at Mace- 
rata in 1341. He was the author of an oration to the 
republic of Lucca, of many letters, and of a number of 
poems, which obtained a high reputation. His works 
have been feveral times publifiied ; an edition was given 
by F. Berti, with his Life, in 1749, Genoa. The belt 
edition of his poems is that of Bergamo, in 1753, by 
Giamb. Rota. 
GUI'DO (Reni), an inimitable painter, born in 1375, 
at Bologna, where his father was an eminent mufician. 
Showing an early tafle for defign, he was placed with 
Dennis Calvart, where he foon became a fkilful artift. 
In his twentieth year he entered the fchool of Louis 
Carracci. The ftrong manner of Caravaggio was then 
popular, and Guido followed it, till he was told by 
Annibal Carracci (it is fuppofed through jealoufy), 
that a reputation might be raifed by adopting one the 
diredt revcrfe. Upon this he took up his owh delicate 
manner, imitating the beautiful in nature ; and he ac¬ 
quired that grace and elevation in the,airs of his heads, 
GUI 85 
that almoft divine expreflion, and that elegance and fa¬ 
cility of touch, which were his diftinguifhing charac- 
teriftics. He accompanied Albani to Rome, in order to 
ftudy the lyorks of the great mafters at that oapital ; 
and though all pofiible ill offices were dune hi nr through 
the jealoufy of Caravaggio and ofhdrs, his works fpoke 
for him fo powerfully "that he foon eftablifhed his repu¬ 
tation. Pope Paul V. chofe. him to paint his private 
chapel of Monte Cavallo, and fuffered him to be-cover¬ 
ed in his prefence. Indeed, in his profefiional charac¬ 
ter, no artift held higher either the art itfelf, or his own 
rank in it. He worked with a kind of ceremonial, fplen- 
djdly habited, and ferved by his difciples, who were 
ranged round him in filence. He fet no price upon his pic¬ 
tures, and received the remuneration fent him rather as 
an honorary reward. I-Ie returned'no vifits paid him by 
.the great ; faying that when they came to lee him, it 
was not on account of his perfon, but of the talent 
which God had given him. Befides his inimitable 
works in Rome, he was engaged in many fplendid pieces 
for Genoa, Ravenna, Naples, and other towns in Italy. 
Fie might have accumulated wealth as well as fame, 
had it not been for an unfortunate propenfity to gaming, 
which, notwithftanding the difficulties and difgraces it 
brought upon him, he.could never conquer. It was 
the caufe that in Ipis advanced years he painted in liafte 
to fupply his immediate wants,.whence his performances 
at that period are much inferior to the earlier ones. 
Fie had, indeed, a furprifing facility and quicknefs of 
pencil ; and he once painted for a prince of Tufcany a 
fine head of Hercules in two hours, for which he was 
munificen'tly rewarded. He lived, however, to tire out 
his friends and creditors, and died at laft ip a melan¬ 
choly and forfaken condition at Bologna, in 1642, at the 
age of fixty-feven. This great artift read little, and 
wrote lets, being ignorant even of orthography. His 
chief relaxation was his harpfichord . He was decent in 
his manners, facial and hofpitable. He had a great 
number of difciples, fornetimes two hundred at a time, 
to whofe improvement he was attentive, but from whom 
he exacted profound obedience. Few names in the art 
(land higher than his ; and his works, which are nu¬ 
merous in churches and palaces, and in private collec¬ 
tions, bear a very high value. In grace and beauty 
they are lurpafic-d by none; and they who, with thefe 
qualities, with for mote ftrength and eXpreffion, per¬ 
haps defire that which >s not to be attained by the ut- 
moft powers of imitation. His ftyle is grand, his dra¬ 
peries flow in large folds, his compofition is rich, his 
, colouring clear and pure. The celeftial character fo 
peculiarly imprefied on his figures fufficiently attefts 
his genius. He was acquainted with the arts of en¬ 
graving and etching, and occafionally praftiled them. 
His own works have fince exercifed the graver of many- 
of the ableft makers.’ 
GUI'DO ARETI'NO. See Aretin. 
GUl'DON,yi [French.] A ftandard-bearer ; a ftand- 
ard. Obfolete. —Be thine the guidon , I the man at arms. 
T. Hey wood's Four Prentices. 
GLJIDO'NIA, J in botany. SeeGuAREA, L^etia, 
and Sam yd a. . 
GUIDO'RjJ, a river of Ireland, in the County of 
Donegal^ which runs into the Atlantic five miles fouth 
from Bloody Farland’s Point. 
GUIEN'NE, before the revolution, a province of 
France, which made part of the government of th.e lame 
name ; about 160 miles in length, and eighty-five in 
breadth, of which Bourdeatix is the capital. The 
word is a corruption of Aquitania, an ancient kingdom 
and country of great extent, and faid by Caefar to be 
feparated from the reft of Gaul by the river Garonne. 
The word Aquitania, or Aquitaine, is faid, and with 
great probability, to be derived from the abundance of 
its rivers and fprings of water. 
GUIER'CHE. SeeGuERCHE. 
GUIFO'NIj 
