88 
GUI 
of whofe guiltlejhefs I was better a flu red than any man 
living could be. King Charles. 
GUJL'TY, adj. [5tlt:is, Sax. one condemned to 
pay a fine for an. offence.] Juftly chargeable with a 
crime; not innocent.—We are verily guilty concerning 
• our brother, in that we faw the anguifti of his foul 
when he befought us, and we would not hear. Gen. xlii. 
21. —Wicked; corrupt: 
All the tumults'of a guilty world, 
Toll by ungenerous paflion, finks away, Thomjbn. 
GUILTY-LIKE, adv. Guiltily : 
Calfio, my lord! No, Cure, I cannot think it. 
That he would fteal away fo guilty-like, 
Seeing -you coining. Shakefpeare. 
GUIMARA'ENS, a town of Portugal, in the pro¬ 
vince of Entre Duero e Minho, divided into Old and 
New Town, the former fituated on an eminence, about 
noo paces in circumference, furrounded with walls, 
low, weak, and defended only by a fingle barbican, 
which -yet exifts. The New Town was founded in 1417, 
and owes its origin to a Benediftine convent, founded 
by Mumadona, niece of Don Ramirez king of Caftile 
and Leon, and widow of the count of Tuy and Porto, 
in 927. It contains fix churches, four hofpitals, and 
fix convents. The collegiate church of Notre Dame 
d’Oliveira is faid to be founded on the ruins ot a'tem- 
ple of Ceres. Guimaraens contains fifteeu fquares, 
fifty-feven ftreets, eight gates, four bridges, and fix 
thoufand inhabitants. Here is a manufacture of linen, 
in high eftimation. Ten miles fouth-eaft of Braga, and 
twenty-feven north-north-eaft of Oporto. Lat. 41-25- N. 
Ion..10. 38. E. Ferro. 
GUIMA'RAS, or Imaras, one of the Philippine 
ifiands., aboytt ten leagues in circumference, covered 
with trees, and producing a great quantity of farfapa- 
rilla .- about two leagues from the ifland of Panay. 
GUIM'BALA, a kingdom of Africa, fituated to the 
fouth of TombuCfoo, near ^.large lake, from which the 
Niger is faid to take its rife. 
GUIN'EA, a very extenfive and fertile country, lying 
on the weftern fide of the continent of Africa, waftied 
by the Atlantic Ocean, extending along the coaft almoft 
four thoufand miles, beginning at the river Senegal, in 
tiie feventeenth degree of north latitude, being the 
nearefbpart of Guinea as well to Europe as to North 
America. From that river to the river Gambia, and 
in a foutherly courfe to Cape Sierra Leona, is compre¬ 
hended a coafi of about feven hundred miles; and is 
the fame traCf for which queen Elizabeth granted char¬ 
ters to the firft Englifli traders to that coaft. From 
Sierra Leona, the land of Guinea takes a turn to the 
eaftward, extending that courfe about one thoufand 
five hundred miles, including thofe feveral technical 
divifions known by the names of the Grain Coafi, the 
Ivory Coajf, the Gold Coaji, and the Slave Coafi , with the 
country or kingdom of Benin: theie coafts and coun¬ 
tries form the diftriCt now called Upper Guinea. From 
hence the land runs fouthward along the coaft about 
.one thoufand two hundred miles, which contains the 
kingdoms of Congo and Angola ; where the traffic for 
flave$ ends ; and this extent of country forms the dif- 
tri6t of Lower Guinea. The country on and. between 
the two above-mentioned rivers, is chiefly fubjeCt to 
thofe three great negro nations, known by the name of 
JalofFs, Foulahs, and Mandingos. The Jaloffs polfefs 
the middle country. The Foulahs inhabit both fides 
of the Senegal: great numbers of thefe people are alfo 
mixed with the Mandingos, who. are fettled on both 
fides the Gambia, but principally in the interior coun¬ 
try. See the articles Foulahs, Jaloffs, and Man¬ 
dingos. 
The earlieft account we have of Guinea, particu¬ 
larly that part fituated on and between the two great 
G U I 
rivers of Senegal and Gambia, is from the writings of 
two ancient authors, one an Arabian, and the other a 
Moor. The firft wrote in Arabic about the twelfth 
century. His works,-printed in that language at Rome, 
were afterwards tranflated into Latin, and printed at 
Paris under the patronage -of the famous Thuanus 
chancellor of France, with the title of Geographia Nu- 
bienfis, containing an account of all the nations lying on 
tlie rivers Senegal and Gambia. The other was written 
by John Leo, a Moor, born at Granada in Spain, before 
the Moors were totally expelled from that kingdom. 
He refided in Africa ; but, being on a voyage from Tri¬ 
poli to Tunis, was taken by fome Italian corfairs, who, 
finding him poffeffed of feveral Arabian books, befides 
his own manufcripts, apprehended him to be a man of 
learning, and as fuch prefented him to pope Leo X. 
This pope encouraging him, he embraced the Romifti 
religion; and his defcription of Africa was publiftied 
in Italian. From thefe writings we gather, that after 
the Mahometan religion had extended to the kingdom 
of Morocco, fome of the promoters of it crofting the 
fandy deferts of Numidia, which feparate that country 
from Guinea, found it inhabited by men, who, though 
under no regular government, and deftitute of that 
knowledge the Arabians were favoured with, lived in 
content and peace. The firft author particularly re¬ 
marks, “ that they never made war, or travelled abroad, 
but employed themfelves in tending their herds, or la¬ 
bouring in the ground.” J. Leo fays, p. 65, “That 
they lived in common, having no property in land, nor 
fuperior lord, but fupported themfelves in an equal 
ftate, upon the natural produce of the country, which 
afforded plenty of roots, game, and honey. That am¬ 
bition or avarice never drove them into foreign coun¬ 
tries to fubdue their neighbours. Thus they lived 
without warfare or fuperfluities.”—“The ancient inha¬ 
bitants of Morocco, who wore coats of mail, and ufed 
fwordsand fpears headed with iron, coming amongft thefe 
armlefs and naked people, foon brought them under fub- 
jedtion, and divided that part of Guinea which lies on 
the rivers Senegal and Gambia into fifteen parts ; thofe 
were the fifteen kingdoms of the negroes, over which 
the Moors prefided, and the common people were ne¬ 
groes. Thefe Moors taught the negroes the Mahome- 
tan religion, and many of the arts of life; particularly 
the ufe of iron, before unknown to them. About the 
fourteenth century, a native negro, called Heli Ifchia, 
expelled the Moorifti conquerors; but though the ne¬ 
groes threw off the yoke of a foreign nation, they only 
changed a Libyan for a negro mafter. Heli Ifchia him- 
felf becoming king, led the negroes into foreign wars, 
and ellablilhed himfelf in power over a very large ex¬ 
tent of' country.” Since Leo’s time, the Europeans 
have had very little knowledge of thofe parts of Afri¬ 
ca; nor do they know what became of this great em¬ 
pire. It is highly probable that it broke into pieces, 
and that the natives again refumed many of their an¬ 
cient cuftoms ; for in the account publiftied by Moore, 
in his Travels on the river Gambia, we find a mixture 
of the Moorifti and Mahometan cuftoms, joined witli 
the original fimplicity of the negroes. 
Such are the accounts we have of that luxuriant but 
wretched country, which gave birth to the traffic for 
human beings, juft the fame as for beafts, in a market. 
This difgraceful trade \vas firft commenced by the Spa¬ 
niards in 1517, under a patent granted by the emperor 
Charles V. at the inftance of Las Cafas, the noted ad¬ 
vocate for the American Indians. In England, it was 
firft fet on foot by fir John Hawkins, under the aufpices 
of queen Elizabeth. 
That part of the African coaft on the Atlantic Ocean, 
with which the people of Europe have had the moft 
intercourfe, extends from Cape Blanco, in 21° N. lat. 
to a Por'tuguefe fettlement called Loango St. Paul’s, in 
the kingdom of Angola, lat. 9 0 S. compYehending a 
line 
