G U I 
woody, and it is fuppofed that formerly the whole coun¬ 
try was covere'd with wood ; among the trees are chef- 
nuts, oaks, walnuts, filberts, and an aftoniffiing. quan¬ 
tity of apple-trees for cider, and other fruit-trees ; but 
thefe forefts begin to be thinned, from the multitude of 
forges which have been eftublifhed to manufacture the 
iron found in the mountains, fuppofed to be the belt in 
Europe. Thofe places which are free from wood are 
well cultivated, and the inhabitants pay more regard to 
the culture of trees than in any other province in Spain. 
The chief towns are Tolofa, St. Sebaftian, and Fonta- 
rabia. 
. GUI'SA, a town of the ifland of Cuba : thirty-five 
miles north of Trinidad. 
GUIS'ARM,/ A kind of halbert. Philips. Obfolete. 
GUIS'CHARD, a town of France, in the depart¬ 
ment of the Oife, and chief place of a canton,.in the 
diftrift of Noyon : five miles north of Noyon. 
GUIS'CHARD (Charles Gottlieb), called Quintus 
Ictlius, knight of the order of Merit, and member of 
the academy of fciences at Berlin, born in 1742 at Mag¬ 
deburg, where his father was fyndic. He ftudied at 
the univerfities of Halle* Marpurg; Herborn, and Ley¬ 
den, where he applied to theology, clafiical literature, 
and the oriental languages. By the intereft of the he- 
reditary-ftadtholder, William Charles Henry Frifo, who 
efteemcd him on account of his learning, he was ap¬ 
pointed enfign in the regiment of Saxe-Hildburghaufen, 
in the fervice of the United Provinces, and in 1751 Was 
promoted to a company. Encouraged by the approba¬ 
tion of the fiadtholder,. he began to prepare materials 
for his Memoires Militants fur Its Grecs & Its Remains ; and 
in confequence of this undertaking obtained permifiion, 
in 1756, to vifit England, where he brought the work 
to a conclufion. In the mean time the fiadtholder died, 
and with a view of obtaining the favour of his fuccefior 
William V. he dedicated to him his Memoirs, which 
were publifhed in two volumes, quarto. They were 
received with fo much approbation, that they went 
through five editions in Holland and France. In 1757 
he entered as a volunteer in the allied army, and ac¬ 
quired the good graces of prince Ferdinand of Brunf- 
wic*k, by whom he was recommended to Frederic II. 
of Pruffia. About the end of the above year his ma- 
jefty lent for him.to Silefia, ke*pt~him near his perfon, 
and often converfed with him on the art of w'ar as prac- 
tifed by the ancient Greeks and Romans. The great 
knowledge which Guifchard difplayed in regard to this 
fubjeft, gave the king the idea of confidering him as a 
Roman Officer ; and he gave him the name of Quintus 
hilius, the commander of Caefar’s tenth legion, when he 
appointed him to the command of a regiment formed 
out of the refufe of all nations, during the heat of the 
war. Guifchard was prefent in the campaigns of 1759 
and 1760, and performed his duty fo much to the fatis- 
fadtion of Frederic, that he gave him a free regiment of 
three battalions at Leipfic, and at the fame time per- 
miffion to raife feven more free battalions, which he did 
in an effeftual manner, though attended with confide- 
rable difficulty. During the campaigns-of 1761 and 
1762, he ferved in the army of prince Henry, and con¬ 
tinued till the end of the war to difeharge, amidft great 
danger, the arduous talks affigned to him. He died on 
the 13th of May, 1775, in the fifty-firft year of his age. 
After his,death his library was purchafed by Frederic 
the Great, for the film of twelve thoufand dollars. 
His works are, 1. Memoires Militaires fur Its Grecs & les Ro- 
■ mains, pour fervir de Suite & d’Exlaircijfement a I’Hfoire de 
Polybe, comvuntee par Folard, the Hague, 1756, 4to. 2. Me¬ 
moires Critiques & Hiforiques fur plufieurs Points d'Aniiquites 
Militaires, Berlin, 1773, 4 vols. 8vo. and one quarto vo¬ 
lume of plates. Bulching, in his Wochentlichen Nach- 
richten for the year 1774. lpeaking of this work, fays, 
“ It will be of the gre'ateft fervice, not only to officers, 
but to men of letters. It ought to be ufed in all 
fchools, in order to give young perl'ons a clearer idea 
GUI 91 
of whatever occurs in the ancient authors, and particu¬ 
larly in Caefar’s Commentaries, refpefting the art of 
war among the Romans.’-’ 
GUISE,/ [the fame with wife\ guife, Fr. pipa, Sax. 
the p or w being changed, as is common, intog-.] Man¬ 
ner ; mien ; habit; caft of behaviour : 
Thus women know, and thus they life the guife, 
T’ enchant the valiant and beguile the wife. Fairfax. 
Praftice ; cufiom ; property : 
I have drunke wine paft my ufual guife ; 
Strong wine commands the foole, and moves the wife. 
Chapman. 
External appearance; drefs.—The Hugonots were en¬ 
gaged in a civil war, by the fpecious pretences of fome, 
who, under the guife of religion, facrificed fo many 
thoufands to their own ambition. Swift. 
GUISE, a town of France, and feat of a tribunal, in 
the department of the Aifne, on the Oife. It was be- 
fieged by the Spaniards, without fuccefs, in 1650. 
Twenty miles north of Laon, and fourteen eaft of St. 
Quentin. 
GUISE (Francis de Lorraine, duke of), eldeft fon of 
Claude de Lorraine duke of Guife, born at the caftle 
of Bar, in 1519, and early difiinguilhed himfelf in arms. 
He acquired great glory by his defence of Metz, in 
1553, againft the emperor Charles V. By his valour 
and prudence Charles was obliged to retreat after a 
fiege of fixty-five days; and the duke treated with 
great humanity fome of his foldiers, difabled by tfie 
cold from following him. He was afterwards declared 
by Henry II. lieutenant-general of the kingdom, and 
entrufted with all the authority of the crown. He juf- 
tified this confidence by the important capture of Ca¬ 
lais in the winter of 1558, which frontier town had 
from the time of Edward III. been in the hands of the 
Engliffi, and had often ferved as an entrance into France 
in the wars between the two countries. At the accefiion 
of Francis II. whofe wife, Mary queen of Scots, was 
niece to the Guiles, the duke, and his brother the car¬ 
dinal, were placed at the head of the government. 
The Calvinifts were at this time headed by the prince 
of Conde and.the Colignis, and, being exafperated by 
m*any feverities, engaged in the confpiracy of Amboife. 
Its defeat was chiefly owing to the vigilance and wife 
meafures of the duke of Guife, who was declared lieu¬ 
tenant-general of the kingdom. The duke was a prin¬ 
cipal leader on the catholic fide, as well as the princi¬ 
pal obj eft of the hatred of the proteftants. It is re¬ 
lated by fome writers, that at the fiege of Rouen he 
was informed of the purpofe of a fanatic of that party, 
to allaflinate him. Fie caufed the man to be arrefted, 
and alked him what offence he had given'him to excite 
fuch an attempt. “No other (he replied,) than that 
of your being the inveterate enemy of my religion.” 
“ Well, (faid the duke,) if thy religion bids thee mur¬ 
der me, mine bids me forgive thee judge between 
them !” A noble fentiment, though perhaps but little 
fuited either to the fp ( eaker or to his religion ! The 
viftory of Dreux, in 1562, is principally aferibed to 
Guife, though Montmorenci was the chief commander. 
The calvinift general, the prince of Conde, was taken 
prifoner ; and, according to the manners of the age, 
he that night lhared the bed of the duke of Guife. It 
is mentioned as a trait of heroifm in the charafter of 
the latter, that, though they were mortal enemies, he 
flept with perfeft tranquillity, while the prince, who 
told the anecdote, could not clofe his eyes. Not long 
after, as lie lay before Orleans, a calvinift gentleman, 
Poltrot de Mere, gave him a mortal wound with a piftol- 
fliot. He died February 24, 1563, at the age ot forty- 
four. By his wife Anne of Efte, daughter to the duke 
of Ferrara, lie left ieveral children. Frances duke of 
Guife was poffefled of many fplendid qualities, and the 
writers of his party reprefent him as a model ot true 
heroifm.—For the hiftorical tranfaftions and warfare 
with 
