GUT 
tmfato, juft.^ A caftle of Radnorlfiire, given by king 
Vortimer to a German faint in compenfation of the ill 
treatment he had from Vortigern, for juftly ar.d friendly 
reproving him. ^ 
GUT'TA,y; [^dbj, from yju to pour out.] A drop. 
The apoplexy was fo named, “from a notion that it was 
caufed by a drop of blood falling from the brain upon 
the heart. Some difeafes are fo named which refemble 
drops of any thing, as gutta jerena, a drop upon-the eye ; 
utta rojacea ,-the rofy drop or pimple upon the face of 
ard drinkers. 
GUT'TA,yi in botany. See Cambogia. 
GUT'IVE, f. in architecture, ornaments or drops in 
form of little bells or cones, ufed in the Doric order, 
on the architrave, below the tryglyphs. There are 
ufually fix of them. 
GUT'TATED, adj. [from gutta, Lat. a drop.] Be- 
fprinkled with drops; bedropped. 
GtJT'TENBERG, a town of Germany, in the duchy 
of Stiria : eight miles north-north eaft of Gratz. 
GUTTENBERG (John), namedalfoGcENSFLEiscH 
pe Sulgeloch, generally confidered as the inventor 
of the noble art of printing, born at Mentz, about the 
year 1400. His family had a houfe in that city called 
Zum Goensfleifch, and another called Znm Gutten- 
berg; and, as they came to Mentz from a village named 
Sulgeloch, thefe circumftances account for the diverfity 
of names given to this celebrated perfonage. In 1436, 
he entered into partnerfliip, at Stralburg, with An¬ 
drew Dreyzehn and fome others; which led to a long 
and vexatious litigation. The characters v which Gut- 
tenberg'employed were cut out in wood. Speekle faw 
them in the (ixteenth century ; they had a hole in the 
fide, fo that they could be filed on a firing. Itlikewife 
appears that Guttemberg employed, or attempted to 
employ, leaden characters, mixed perhaps with fome 
alloy ; for, in a document refpeCting the litigation with 
the brother of Dreyzehn, it is faidthat Andrew Drey¬ 
zehn had been furety in many places for lead and other 
neceflary articles, and had even .paid for them. Some 
doubt whether Guttenberg really printed any works at 
Stralburgh ; but it is probable he did, becaufe he had 
a prefs mounted in that city before the year 1439, and 
remained there five years after. Schaepflin, in a dilfer- 
tation inferted in the feventeenth volume of the Me¬ 
moirs of the Academy of Infcriptions, is of this opinion ; 
and indeed the paffages which he quotes feem clearly to 
prove that fome works were printed by Guttenberg in 
that city. Between the years 1445 and 1450, Gutten¬ 
berg returned to Mentz, where he continued the buli- 
nefs of printing. John Schoeffer, in the dedication of 
Livy, tranflated into German, and printed in 1505, at- 
tefts that John Guttenberg invented typography at 
Mentz in 1450; and that it was brought to perfection 
by John Fault and Peter Schcefter. Among the firft 
works which came from the prefs at Mentz, are faid to 
be, 1. The Alphabet, printed from a block, for the ule 
offchools. 2. Alexandri Galli DoElrinak, & Petri Hifpani 
TraQatus Logicales. 3. Donati Gramm at ic a. In 1450 Gut¬ 
tenberg admitted into partnerlhip with him John Faulty 
a man of considerable property. They undertook in 
conjunction the printing of 3. Latin Bible, and Fault 
furnifhed the money. According to the articles of their 
agreement, a copy of which is ftill preferved, Fault pro- 
mifed to advance to Guttenberg the fum of eight hun¬ 
dred golden florins, at.fix per cent, intereft. With this 
money Guttenberg was to provide the necelfary uten- 
fils, which were to be mortgaged to Fault; and the lat¬ 
ter was to give him befides three hundred golden florins 
for his expences, fervants? wages, houfe-rent, parch¬ 
ment, paper, ink. See. If they f’nould not in future agree, - 
Guttenberg was to reftote the eight hundred florins, 
and the utenfils were to be given up to him. Trithe- 
mius relates that the firft work which ilfued from the 
prefs of this-firm, was a Vocabulary, or Catholicon, 
printed with woode^i blocks; but the work which has 
GUT 131 
given rife to the greateft difputes, is the Latin Bible, , 
Every polTeftbr of an old Bible without a date, pretends’ 
to have this firft edition. The Chronicle of Cologne 
fays exprefsly, that it Was begun in 1450 ; but, though 
different Bibles, fuch as one in the library of the univer¬ 
sity pi Jena, and another in that of his Pruflian majefty at 
Berlin, of which there isa copy in the College de Mazarin- 
at Paris, and another in the National Library, are afferted 
to be of this firft impreftion, the point has not yet been de¬ 
termined by bibliographers. In 1455 the partnerfhip be¬ 
tween Fauft and Guttenberg was diilolved. Fault then 
fued Guttenberg, to recover the fum of two thoufand and 
twenty golden florins, with intereft on the whole. Gut¬ 
tenberg, not being able to pay, was obliged to give up 
to Fauft all his implements and printing materials. 
■Fault having acquired a knowledge of the art, and thus- 
got poftellion of the prelfes, he afterwards.put his own 
name to the books printed, and aferibed to himfelf the 
whole glory of the invention, without allowing any 
ftiare to the perfon by whom he had been tangli-t, and 
who, through excefs of modefty,- never claimed the 
right. I11 1456, Guttenberg, after, being thus ungene- 
roully deprived of his prefs, eftablilhed another under 
the protection of Dr. Conrad Humery, fyndic of Mentz. 
This is proved by an authentic document preferved 
among the archives of that city: itfs a letter, dated the 
Friday before St. Matthew’s day, 1468, in which Hu¬ 
mery acknowledges to have received, by order of the 
archbifhop Adolphus, forms, types, inftruments,.uten¬ 
fils, and other things belonging to the printing office, 
which were his property, and which Guttenberg had 
left behind him at his death. In 1460 appeared the 
Catholicon of John de Balbis, of Genoa, in three hun¬ 
dred and feventy-three pages, folio. This work is call¬ 
ed Catholicon , that is to fay Univerfal, becaufe t it com¬ 
prehends a grammar, a fyftem of rhetoric, and a diction¬ 
ary. The author was a Dominican, who lived in the 
thirteenth century. Some'afcribe it to Fault and Schbef- 
fer, and others to Guttenberg; but though a great deal- 
lias been written on the fubjeCt, the point leeiiis ltili 
undecided. In 1465 Guttenberg was honoured by the 
archbifhop Adolphus with a mark of diftinCtion, , to 
which he was well entitled by his genius and labours. • 
He was admitted among the nobility of his court; al¬ 
lowed to wear the drefs peculiar to that clafs; and had- * 
a penfion, together with feveral privileges and exemp¬ 
tions, conferred upon him. The billiop’s letters of con- 
cellion are dated Eltvil, the Thurfday after St. Antho¬ 
ny’s day; 1465. In regard to the period of Gutten- 
berg’s death, it is fuppofed to have taken place in 1468,. 
or perhaps 1467. He was interred in the church of the 
Recolleis at Mentz; and Adam Gelthus, of a patri¬ 
cian family, compoled 'for him the following epitaph. 
D. 0 . M. S. Jfohanni Gensjleijch, artis imprejjorice repertori, de 
omni natione et lingua optime merito , in nominis fui memoriam 
immortalan, Adam Gelthus pofuit. Another Sepulchral in- - 
feription was made for Guttenberg, forty years after 
his death, by Ivo Wittich, doCtof and profelfor of law 
at Mentz, and placed in the fchool of law, which had 
formerly been the houfe called Zum Guttenberg ; and 
by which the invention of bronze characters is aferibed 
to him. The inscription, as given by Cerarius,-.-is as 
follows : Io. GuttenburgenfiMoguntino, quiprimius literas are 
imprimendas invenit, hac arte de orbe .toto bene merenti, Ivo 
Wittigijis hoc Jaxum pro monumento pofuit. MDVIIIA 
portrait of Guttenberg.is preferved in the public library 
of the commune of Stralburg. Notwithftanding the 
great obfeurity which prevails in regard, to the origin 
of printing, a fubjeCt which has exercifed the pens of 
feveral ingenious writers, many are inclined to, think 
that the honour of the invention belong^ unqueftion- 
ably to Guttenberg. At any rate Guttenberg appears 
to have been the firft perfon who conceived the idea of 
printing a book with moveable characters cut out in 
wood ; but the merit of inventing types of call metal, as 
atpreient in ufe, incomeftibiy belongs'to Schcefter. 
GUI'T ENH-AAGj. 
