G Y N 
bvighte.fi: white; a fnowy whitenefs extends over the 
fnout, and runs in a narrow (tripe from the forehead to 
the end of the tail-fin, and over the back part of the 
anal fin. This fpCcies grows to the length of fixteen 
inches; it is found about Surinam. 
6. Gymnotus roftratus, the long-nofcd gymnotus. 
Specific character, a long tubular fnout, the anal fin riot 
reaching to the end Of the tail. The peCt'oral fins con- 
fid: of 19 rays each, the anal of 296 rays. This fpecies' 
is found in South America. The anal finis much diopter 
than the tail, which ends in a long flender filament, like 
the carapo. It is of a white colour, diverlified with ir¬ 
regular brown fpots. 
7. Gymnotus notopterus, the notopterus. Specific 
character, a fmall fin on the back. The membrane of 
the gills has 6 ray's, the dorfal fin 7, the peCtoral 13, 
the anal 116; there is no ventral or anal fin. This and 
the following fpecies are not improperly made a diftinCt 
genus by Cepede, under the name of notopterus , which 
fignifies “ one dorfal fin,” whereas Linnaeus’s generic 
flame gymnotus , means the direCt contrary. This fpecies 
is (trend in the fea about Amboyna, never exceeding a 
foot in length. The fnout is fhort and rounded ; the 
eyes are large, and over them is a little hole. The upper 
jaw is furni thed with teeth, even, bu t not very clofe to¬ 
gether; thofe of the outer rim of the lower jaw are 
larger, and (till farther afunder; but infide, and on the 
palate, there is a fet of very fmall teeth. The gill-co- 
vert is furnitlied with (tales, and is membranous in its, 
whole circumference. The anus is very near the throat ; 
the tail is fo long, that Bontius called this fpecies hippurus, 
horfe-tail. The whole fifh is covered with very minute 
l'cales, which thine like gold and filver. 
8. Gymnotus Afiaticus, the fcaly notopterus. Spe¬ 
cific character, a very long dorfal fin ; large round fCales 
on the body. There are five rays in the membrane of 
the gills. This fpecies, from having an extenfive dorfal 
fin, is dill farther removed from the Gymnotus, into which 
Linnaeus however has received it, though with a doubt, 
an hujus generis? and Bloch, as well as Cepede, think it 
fliould be feparated. This dorfal fin reaches from the 
nape of the neck quite to the tail; and the whole fifh, 
not excepting the head, is covered with pretty large 
fcales, moftly of a round fliape. Before each noftril is a 
truncated barbie; there are feveral foramina on the head, 
and five little dents. The teeth are fharp, and the pa¬ 
late is iurnilhed alfo with teeth. The lateral line is 
liraight, except a flexure downwards at the anus. It is 
of a dull colour, with brown tranverfe bars. It is fome- 
what larger than the preceding ; and, like that, is a na¬ 
tive of the feas of Afia. 
9. Gymnotus acus, the needle-fifh. Specific character, 
neither dorfal, ventral, nor tail, fin ; the anal fin not 
reaching to the tip of the tail, and containing 60 rays. 
The membrane of the gills is fuftained by 5 rays, the 
pectorals hav.e 16 each. This fpecies is found in the 
Mediterranean, near Marfeilles. It is whitifh, clouded 
with red and brown fpots ; the under part bluifli. There 
is a riling on the back, like the rudiment of a fin, which 
feems to conneCt this with the reft of the genera of filhes, 
almoft all of which have a dorfal fin. This is the only 
fpecies of this genus which is not found in South Ame¬ 
rica, and the only one with this rifing on the back, which 
Cepede has included in the fpecific character ; but this 
peculiarity is not noticed by Gmelin. 
GYNoECE'UM, f. Among the ancient Greeks, the 
apartment of the women ; a feparate room in the inner 
part of the boufe, where they employed themfelvesTn 
fpinning, weaving, and needle-work. 
GYNiE'CIA,/. [yvwixEia, Gr. from ywn, a woman,3 
The menftrual dilcharge, or the lochia. 
GYNiECOCR^TU'MENI, an ancient people of Sar- 
matia Europaea, inhabiting the eaftern banks of the river 
-Tanais, near its opening into the Palus Maeotis : thus 
Yoc. IX. No, 573. 
G Y N ML 
called, as authors relate, becaufe they had no women 
among them; or, rather, becaufe they were under the 
dominion of women. The word'is formed of ym> wo- 
.man, and y.^arov^tvoi;, vanquilhed, of ygxreto, I overcome;' 
q. d. overcome by women. Father Hardouin, in his notes 
on Jpliny, fays, they were thus called, becaufe, after a 
battle which they loft againft the Amazons, on the banks 
of the Thermodoon, they were obliged to cohabit with 
them, in order to get them children : Et quod iticlricibus 
obfequantur adprocurandam eisfobolem. —Hardouin calls them 
the hu(bands of the Amazons, Amazonum connubia ; for, 
as that author obferves, the word mitmuli be retrenched, 
from Pliny, having been foifted into the text by people 
who were not matters of the author’s meaning, unde Ama- 
zonum connubia. See the article Amazons, vol. i. p.394. 
GYN/ECOMA'NIA, f. [from yum, Gr. a woman, 
and //.avia., npadivefs.] That fpecies of infanity which 
arifes from love. 
GYNHJCOMAS'TUS, f. [from yvin, Gr. a woman, 
and /z«ro?, a bread.] Applied to a man whofe breads 
are large like a woman’s. 
GYNpECOTHGE'NAS, a name of Mars at Tegea, on 
account of a facrifice offered by the women without the 
afti fiance of the men, who were not permitted to appear 
at this religious ceremony. Paufanias. 
GYNAN'DRIA, f. [Gr. from yonri, a woman, and 
uvnq, a man.] In botany, the name of the twentieth 
clafs in the Linnean Artificial Syftem, containing all 
plants with hermaphrodite flowers, which have the fta- 
meris growing upon the ftyle; or elfe having an elon¬ 
gate receptacle bearing both ftamens and ftyles. This 
clafs has been conftderably reduced by fome modern re¬ 
formers, who have referred the plants to other clafles. 
This clafs is exemplified on the Botany Plate X. fig. 20. 
vol. iii. p. 256. 
GYN ANTHRO'POS, f. [from yvvn, Gr. a woman, 
and avOguTrog, a man.] That fpecies of hermaphrodite 
which partakes more of the female than the male. 
GYN'DES, now Zeindeh, in ancient geography, a 
river of AfTyria, falling into the Tigris. When Cyrus 
marched againft Babylon, his army was (topped by this 
river, in which one of his favourite horfes was drowned. 
This fo irritated the monarch, that he ordered the river 
to be conveyed into 360 different channels by his army, 
fo that after this divifion it hardly reached the knee. 
Herodot. i. c. 189 & 202. 
GYNECOC'RACY,yi [ywa-moxgaTix, Gr.gynecocratie , 
Fr.] Petticoat government;, female power. 
GYNOPO'GON, f. [from yvw, Gr. a woman, and 
icuyuv, a beard ; the Itigma of the flower being bearded.] 
In botany, a genus of the clafs pentaildria, order mpno- 
gynia, natural order of apocineae, Juff. The generic 
characters are—Calyx : perianthium qne-leafed, very 
fmall, half-five-cleft, permanent; fegments linear, acute, 
ereCt. Corolla: monepetalous, contorted ; tube cylin¬ 
drical, ventricofe below the tip, contracted at the throat; 
, border flat, five-parted, fegments ovate. Stamina : fila¬ 
ments five, very fhort, inlerted into the tube above the 
middle; antherae ereCt, linear, within the tube. Piftil- 
lum: germ ovate; ftyle filiform, Ihorter by half than the 
tube; Itigma globular, two-lobed, villofe at the tip. 
Pericarpium: berry pedicelled, fubglobular, coriaceous, 
filled with the feed. Seed: Angle, cartilaginous, fub- 
bilocular, with one or two kernels. The fruit is gene¬ 
rally abortive, the feed not having kernels; the germs 
when cut through have two cells, and two feeds in each 
cell.— Effential CharaEler. Calyx half-five-cleft, inferior, 
permanent; corolla five-parted, tube ventricofe below 
the tip, throat contracted ; Itigma globular, two-lobed ; 
berry pedicelled, fubglobular; feed cartilaginous, fub- 
bilocular. 
Species. 1. Gynopogon ftellatum, or (tarry woman’s 
beard: leaves in whorls, three together, lanceolate. 2. 
Gynopogon alyxia : leaves in whorls, five together, obo- 
O o vate. 
