H M U 
Ue kept one mope' than two months in his garden, where 
it lived chiefly on earth-worms like the curlews, but 
alfo ate raw fleffi and bread. It: drank indifferently ei¬ 
ther fait or frelh water, without fhewirig the lead pre¬ 
ference to either; yet in the' hate of nature thefe birds 
never inhabit the mar flies or tlie ltioufhsof rivers; they 
remain conftantly on or near the fe'a-beach ; probably 
bfcaufe frefli waters do' not afford the properfubfiftenCe. 
‘ The oyfter-catcher make's no rieft ; its eggs, which 
are greyifli and fpotted'with black,- it lays on file naked' 
fand, out of the reach-of--the tide, but without any"'pre- 
parauon for their reception 1 ; it only feenisTo felecf a ; 
highYpot, ftrewed with fragments of fli'ells. The num¬ 
ber of egg's is ufually four of fiVe, and 1 the time of in¬ 
cubation-twenty-one days : the feinale does not cover 
them afliduoufiy ; the f'eems, ill this refpect, to do'as 
moft of the birds that inhabit the fea-fliores, and todeave 
the hatch to thefun’s heat part of 1 the day, quitting her 
charge at nine or ten o’clock of the morning, and not 
returning, unl'efs ori o'ccafion of rain, till three in the af¬ 
ternoon. The young, wlien they have burft the fliell, 
are covered with a’ blackifli down. They crawl on the 
land the'firft dayptheyToon begin to run, and then they 
Gonceal themfelves fa Well'in the tnits of griafs, that it 
is difficult to find them. The bill grid feet of the oyf¬ 
ter-catcher are'of• a-fine coral red ; hence Belon deno¬ 
minated it heematopus. ' Its feet and fobs are covered with 
a rough and hard feale. The outer and-middle toes are 
connected as far as the firft joint by a portion of a mem¬ 
brane, arid all the three are furrounded with a membra¬ 
nous edge. Its eye-lids arered; as well as its bill, and 
its iris is gold-yellow ; above each eye' there is a little 
white fpot'-j the head, the neck, and the flioulders, are 
black, and alfo the upper furface of the wings; but 
this black is deeper in the male than in the female : un¬ 
der the throat there is a white collar ; all the under fide 
of the body from the bread is white, and the half of the 
tail, whole tip is black:, a white bar, formed by the 
great coverts, interfedls the dun black of the wing; and 
• thefe colours have probably ftiggefted the name of pie, 
though it differs-from that bird in every other refp'e'ft, 
particularly in the length of its tail, which is only four 
inches, and covered three-fourths by the wing : the feet, 
together with the fmall naked part of the leg above the 
knee, are Tcarcely two inches, though the bird is about 
fixteen inches long. 
Thefe birds, though feldom feen on the French coaft, 
are very common in Great Britain, particularly on the 
eaftern and weftern coafts. -They alfo advance farther 
north; for they are found in Gothland, in the ifle of 
Oeland, and in the Danifh iflands, as far as Norway and 
Iceland. Captain Cook alfo faw them on the coafts of 
Terra del Fuego, and near the Straits of Magellan. 
They have been difeovered at Dufky Bay in New Zea¬ 
land : Dampier remarked them on the fhores of New 
Holland ; and Kasmpfer affures us, that they are as com¬ 
mon in Japan as in Europe. Thus the oyfter-catcher 
inhabits all the fhores of the ancient continent; and we 
need not be furprized to find it in the new. Father 
Feuillee obferved it on the eaft of Terra Firma; Wa¬ 
fer at Darien; Catefby at Carolina and the .Bahama 
iflands; Pagedu Pratz at Louifiana. And this f'pecies, 
fo-diffufedj lias no variety, but is every where the fame, 
and disjoined from all others. None indeed of the fhore 
birds has, with the ftature of the oyftericatcher, and its 
ffiort legs, the fame form of bill, or the fame habits 
and economy. This bird is as large as the crow ; its 
bill four inches long; contradted, and, as it were, com- 
preffed vertically above the noftrils, and flattened at the 
lides like a wedge as far as the tip, whofe fquare fedtion 
forms a cutting edge : a ftrudlure peculiar to itfelf, and 
which enables its bill to raife up and de.tach the oyfters, 
limpets, and other fhell-fifh, from their beds and rocks. 
It is all'o one of thofe few birds which have only three 
toes. This Angle circumftance has led Tome authors to 
range it next the buftard. Yet it is apparent how wide 
H _M M is!) 
is the reparation in the order of nature ; for not only 
this bird haunts the fea-fliores', it even fwims, though 
its feet are almoft^entirely devoid of membranes. lt°is 
true that, according to M. Baillon, who obferved the 
oyfter-catcher on the coafts of Picardy, its method of 
fwimining' is merely paffive, but it has no averfion to re- 
pofe on the water, and leaves the fea for the land when¬ 
ever it choofes. 
HjTIMATO'SIS, f. [from cupa, Gr. blood.] An hae¬ 
morrhage or flux of blood. 
HvEMATOX'YLUM, /. [from Gr. blood, 
arid |uAof, wood. ] Logwood; in botany, genii's of the 
clafs decandria, order nVdnogynia, natural order of lo- 
nientacex, (leguminofae, JuJJ'.) The generic charac¬ 
ters are—Calyx : perianthiiim one-leafed, coloured : 
tube very ffiort, pitchef-fliaped, flefhy, permanent: bor¬ 
der five-parted, fpreading, deciduous: parts oblong, 
blunt; the four upper'ones equal, theloweft a little 
longer than the reft. Corolla: petals five, lanceolate, 
broadeft at top, blunt, veined, fpreading, nearly equal, 
inferred into the calyx, and larger than its divilions. 
Stamina : filaments ten, fubulate, hairy at bottom on 
the infide, upi'ight, unequal, fcarcely longer than the 
corolla, inlerted into the calyx ; anthers oval, fmall. 
Piftillum ; germ oblong-fabre-fliaped, compreffed ; ftyle 
capillary, bent at the tip, longer than the ftamens ; ftjg- 
ma funnel-ffiaped. Pericarpium: legume lanceolate, 
flat, blunt, one-celled, edged on each fide with a thick- 
ifh future that does not open, opening by the burfting 
of the valves in the middle longitudinally, and dividing 
- into two unequal boat-fliaped parts. Seeds few, oblong,- 
compreffed, furrowed, fixed to one of the futures.— Ef~ 
fentiai Ckaraftcr. Calyx, five-parted; petals, five; le¬ 
gume lanceolate, valves boat-fliaped. 
Haematoxylum c'ampechianuiri, logwood, bloodwood, 
or Campeche-wood, a Angle fp'eeies. This tree grows 
naturally in the bay of Campeche, at Honduras, and- 
other parts of the Spanifli Weft Indies, where it 
rifes from fixteen to twenty-four feet high; The 
ftem is generally crooked, and feldom thicker than a 
man’s thigh. The inneri bark is red, and the wood is 
hard. Branches fubdivided, flexuofe, prickly, round, 
affi-coloured. Leaves pinnate : petioles alternate, pa¬ 
tulous, round, fmootb ; leaflets four pairs, on very fhort 
petiolules, generally obcordate, entire, fmall, veined, 
very flmooth and fhinirig, fpreading in the day-time, but 
at night upright, converging. Prickles ftroiig, middling 
in fize, above the petioles. Racemes axillary, Ample, 
upright, the length of the leaves,Tolitary, many-flower¬ 
ed. Flowers peduncled, numerous, fmall, pale yellow ■ 
on fhort, fcattered, Ample, coloured peduncles. Calyx 
bell-ffiaped at the bafe and very fmall, the parts lanceo¬ 
late, convex, reflex', purple ; the bottom nedtareous. 
Petals ovate, blunt, equal, with ffiort claws. Anthers: 
incumbent, revolute. Germ lanceolate, on a fhort pe¬ 
dicel. Stigma dilated, perforated. 11 flowers in Maich 
arid April, and ripens its feeds in July. 
Logwood was firft propagated in Jariiaica in 1715, 
from feeds brought from the bay of Campeche. In 
the neighbourhood of Savannah la'Mar fucii quanti¬ 
ties of it now grow wild as to incommode the landhold¬ 
ers extremely ; occupying- that diftridt, as the Opopo- 
nax and Cafhew have the fouthern parts of Middlefex 
county. It was firft introduced to prevent the neceffity 
forming fettlements upon the Spanifli Main, but the 
event did not fully arifwer the benevolent intentions of 
thofe "who 'firft cultivated it. It makes an impenetra¬ 
ble and 1 beautiful fence. The fmaller ftems are made 
into hoops. Both the bark and gum are gentle fub- 
aftringents; but the laft excels, and adds a fweetnefs to 
its virtue, which makes it more agreeable to the palate. 
The feeds are frequently brought from America, 
which, if freffi, readily grow when fown upon a good 
hot-bed; and if the plants are kept in a moderate hot-, 
bed, they will grow to be upwards of a foot high the 
fame year, and, while the plants are young, they are ge¬ 
nerally 
