16.1 
H A I 
which the county fell, together with his daughter Mar¬ 
garet, to the (hare of the emperor, Louis of Bavaria. 
The laft propriejor of it, defcended from this houfe, 
was WiJIiam IV. whofe daughter, Jaqueline, after Be¬ 
ing four times married, died without heirs, in 1436 ; 
upon which Philip the Good, duke of Burgundy, ar¬ 
rived to the poffeflion of the county. By the peace of 
the Pyrennees, France obtained the towns of L.mdreey, 
Quefnoy, Avefnes, Marienbourg, and Philippeville; 
by the peace of Nimeguen, Valenciennes, Bouchain, 
Conde, Cambray, Bavay, and Maubeuge, witli their re- 
fpeftive diftri&s ; and by the peace of Ryfwick, feveral 
villages. Mons is the capital. 
HAIN'BURG, a town of Germany, in Bavaria, twen¬ 
ty miles weft-north-weft of Amberg, and ten north-weft 
of Velberg. 
HAIN'BURG, orHAiM'BURG, a town of Germany, 
in the archduchy of Auftria, fituated on the Danube, 
with a manufacture of cloth. In 1482, it was taken by 
Matthias Corvingking of Hungary ; eight miles weft of 
Freiburg, and twenty eaft-fouth-eaft of Vienna. Lat. 
48. 6. N. Ion. 34. 6. E. Ferro. 
HAINE, a river of the Netherlands, which is navi¬ 
gable by means of Iluices from Mons to Conde, where 
i joins the Scheldt. 
HAINFEL'DEN, a town of Germany, in the arch¬ 
duchy of Auftria: fourteen miles fouth-fouth-eaft of 
St. Polten, and twenty fouth-weft of Vienna. 
HA'INGEN, a town of Germany, in Swabia : ten 
miles north-north-weft of Buchan, and twenty-one weft- 
fouth-weft ofUlm. 
HAIN'NERSDORF, a town of Silefia, in the prin¬ 
cipality of Neitte, fituated near the river Mitlbach: 
five miles north-weft of Weydenau. 
HAIN'RICHSCHLAG, a town of Germany, in the 
archduchy of Auftria: thirteen miles weft of Crems. 
HAIN'STAAL, a town of Germany, in the archdu¬ 
chy of Auftria : four miles fouth-eaft of Laab. 
HAIN'STOTTEN, a town of Germany, in the arch¬ 
duchy of Auftria : eight miles weft-fouth-weft of Ips. 
HAIR, f. [haep, Sax.]. One of the common tegu¬ 
ments of the body, and an emun&um. It is found on 
all parts except the foies of the feet, and palms of the 
hands. Each hair has a round bulbous root, which 
lies pretty deep in the Ikin, and which draws its nou- 
rilhment from the furrounding humours. They grow 
as the nails do, each part near the root thrufting for¬ 
ward that which is immediately above it, and not by 
any liquor running along the hair in tubes, as plants 
grow. Under the magnifier, howfoever intenfe the .mag¬ 
nifying power may be, the furface of each hair appears 
perfectly fmooth and even; or at leaft, if any inequali¬ 
ties are to be perceived, they feem rather to arife from 
fome difference in the colour and tranfparency of parti¬ 
cular parts of thefe fobftances, than from any irregula¬ 
rity in their furfaces; for, their image, when viewed by 
a folar microfcope, is terminated by even lines, without 
any roughnefs. Yet this furface is made up of fmooth 
lamella , which cover each other from the root to the 
point, very fimilar to zones placed one after another, as 
we obferve in the ftrufture of the horns of fome infefts. 
To this curious conformation of hair the art felting en¬ 
tirely owes its exiftence. 
Hair, as contributing gracefulnefs and beauty of per- 
fon, has in all ages been governed by falhion and ca¬ 
price. The Hebrews efteemed black hair as the mod 
elegant and becoming. Abfalom’s hair was cut once a- 
year, and is faid to have weighed two hundred Ihekels, 
by the king’s weight, which is about thirty-one ounces. 
1 he hair of both Jewilh and Grecian woman engaged a 
principal fliare of their attention ; and the Roman ladies 
leem to have been no lefs fedulous with refpeCi to 
theirs. They generally wore it long, and drefled it in 
a variety of ways, ornamenting it with gold, filver, 
pearls, &c. On the contrary., the men amongft the 
h a r 
Greeks and Romans,, and amongft the later Jews, wore 
their hair Ihort, as may be collected from medals, fta- 
tues, See. This formed a principal diftinCtion in drefs 
between the fexes. This illuftrates a paflage in St. 
Paul's Epiftle to the Corinthians. Cor. xi. 14,. 15. St. 
Paul forbids the Corinthin women, when praying by 
divine infpiration, to have their hair difhevelltd; pro¬ 
bably becaufe this made them refemble the heathen 
prieftelfes, when actuated by the pretended influence of 
their gods. 
Among the Greeks, both fexes, a few days before 
marriage, cut off and confecrated their hair as an otter¬ 
ing to their favourite deities. It was alfo cuftomary 
among them to hang the hair of the dead on the doors 
of their houfes previous to interment. They likewife 
tore, cut off, and fometimes Ihaved, their hair, when 
mourning for their deceafed relations or friends, which 
they laid upon the corpfe, or threw into the pile, to be 
confumed with the body. Whatever was the fafhion of 
the hair in the Grecian ftates, Haves were forbidden to 
imitate the freemen. The hair of the flaves was always 
cut in a particular manner, called 9 g»f which 
they no longer retained afterthey procured their freedom. 
It was efteemed a great honour among the ancient 
Gauls to have longhair, and hence came the appella¬ 
tion Gallia comata. For this reafon Julius Caefar, upon 
fubduing the Gauls, made them cut off their hair as a 
token of fubrfiiftion. It was with a view to this, that 
fuch as afterwards quitted the world to go and live in 
cloifters, procured their hair to be Ihaven off; to fhow 
that they bade adieu to all earthly ornaments, and made 
a vow of perpetual fubjeclion to their fuperiors. 
Gregory of Tours affirms, .that in the royal family of 
France, it was a long time the peculiar mark and privi¬ 
lege of kings and princes of the blood to wear long hair, 
artfully drelfed and curled: every body elfe was obliged 
to be polled, or cut round, in token of inferiority. Some, 
writers alfure us, that there were different cuts for all 
the different qualities and conditions ; from the prince 
who wore it at full length, to the flave who was quite 
cropt. To cut off the hair of a fon of France, under the 
firft race of kings, was to declare him excluded from the 
right of fucceeding to the crown, and reduced to the con¬ 
dition of a fubjeft. 
The elegance of long hair became obnoxious in the 
progrefs of Chriftianity, as fomething utterly inconfitt- 
ent with the profeflion of perfons who bore the crofs. 
Hence arofe numerous injunctions and canons to the con¬ 
trary. Pope Anciftus is commonly fuppoled to have 
been the firft vvho forbade the clergy to wear long hair; 
but the prohibition is of an older Handing in the churches 
of the eaft; and the letter wherein that decree is written, 
is of a much later date than that pope. The clerical 
tonfure is related by Ifidore Hifpalenlis, as of apoftoli- 
cal inftitution. Long hair became at length fo odious, 
that a canon was publilhed in 1096, importing, that fuch 
Us wore long hair fhould be excluded coming into clnirh 
while living, and not be prayed for when dead. The 
French hiftorians have been very exact in recording the 
head of hair of their feveral kings. Charlemagne wore, 
it very fhort, his fon fhorter ; Charles the Bald had none 
at all. Under Hugh Capet it began to appear again ; 
this the ecclefiaftics oppofed, and excommunicated all 
who let their hair grow. 
The ancient Britons were extremely choice of the 
length and beauty of their hair, and were at much pains 
in drefling and adorning their heads. Some of themcai- 
ried their fondnefs for their hair to an extravagant heigh r„ 
It is faid to have been the laft and mod earnell requeft 
of a young warrior, who was taken prifoner and con¬ 
demned to be beheaded, that no flave might be per¬ 
mitted to touch his hair, which was remarkably long 
and beautiful, and that it might not be ftained with hi*s 
blood. There is fcarcely a defcription of a fine womaa 
or beautiful man, in the poems of Ollian, but the hair is. 
mentioned 
