165 HAL 
HAK LOFEN, a town of Bohemia, five miles north- 
weft of Budweifs. 
HAK'LUYT (Richard), one of the firft Englifli col- 
ledlors of voyages and travels, born at London in 1553. 
He was educated at Weftminfter fchool ; and, during 
his refidence there, being accuftomed to vifit, at his 
chambers in the Temple, his coufin Richard Hakluyt, 
efq. of Eyton, a perfon greatly attached to navigation 
and commerce, he acquired fuch a tafte for geographical 
and maritime enquiries, that it became his ruling pal- 
fion. After being entered at Chrift-church, Oxford, he 
engaged in a courfe of reading on thofe topics in a va¬ 
riety-of languages, by which he rendered himfelf fo 
confpicuous, that he was appointed to read public lec¬ 
tures upon _ cofmography and the collateral fciences. 
In 15-83, having taken orders, he was engaged as chap¬ 
lain to fir Edward Stafford in his embafly to France, in 
which country he remained five years. At Paris he 
procured, at his own expence, the publication of a 
French account of Florida, edited by Martin Bafaniere, 
a profefibr of mathematics. This he tranftated into 
Englifh, and publiflied in 1587, with a dedication to fir 
Walter Raleigh. In the fame year he publiflied at Pa¬ 
ris, an improved edition of Peter Martyr’s work, De 
Orbe novo, 8vo. which at his fuggeftion was afterwards 
tranftated into Englifh, under the title of, The Hiftorie 
of the Weft Indies, &c. by M. Lok. Upon his return 
.from France in 1588, he was nominated by fir Walter 
Raleigh one of the corporation of counfellers, afliftants, 
and adventurers, to whom he affigned his patent for the 
ptofecutionof difcoveries in America. He thereupon 
fet himfelf to the collection and arrangement of all the 
accounts and documents of voyages by Englifh naviga¬ 
tors, which, in 1589, he publiflied in 1 vol. folio, under 
the title of, The principal Navigations, Voyages, and 
Difcoveries, of the.Englifli Nation, made by Sea or 
over Land. This collection was'augmented by two more 
volumes, the laft printed in 1600. In 1601 he publiflied 
a tranftation from the Portuguefe of, Antonio Galvano’s 
Hiftory of Difcoveries, 4to. He was appointed in 1605 
to a prebendal flail at Weftminfter, which, with a rec¬ 
tory in Suffolk, was the fum of his ecclefiaftical pro¬ 
motions. In 1609 he publiflied a tranflation of Ferdi¬ 
nand de Soto’s Defcription of Florida, 4to. This was 
his laft performance : lie died in 1616, and was buried 
in Weft-minfter-abbey. His papers, amounting to the 
quantity of another volume, came into the hands of 
Purchas, author of the Pilgrims, who made ufe of them 
in his collections. The name of this writer has been 
perpetuated in Hakluyt’s Headland, a promontory on 
the continent of Greenland, fo firft called by the navi¬ 
gator Hudfon, in'1608. 
HAK'MAN, a town of the ifland of Ceylon : eighty 
miles fouth of Candi. 
HAL, in local names, is derived like al from the 
Saxon healle, i.e. a hall, a palace. In Gothic alh 
fignifies a temple, or any other famous building. Gibf. 
Camden. 
.HA'LAH, a city of Aflyria, fituated on the river Go- 
zan ; to which, part of the ten tribes of Ifrael were led 
captive by Shalmanefer king of Affyria, in the reign of 
Hoftiea king of Ifrael. 2 Kings xv ii. 6, xviii. 11. and 
1 Ckron. v. 26. 
HA'LAK, [Heb. fmooth mountain.3 A mountain of 
Paleftine, fituated in the tribe of Judah, near the bor¬ 
ders of Edom. JoJh.x i. 17, xii. 7. 
HAL'BAU, a town of the marquifate of Lufatia : 
dght miles fouth-weft of Sagan, and thirty-fix north- 
caft of Drefden. 
HAL'BENDORF, a town of Silefia, in the principa¬ 
lity of Neilfe : half a mile fouth-weft of Grotkau. 
HAL'BLRD, f. \_halebarde, Fr. kallebarde, Dut. from 
tarde, an axe, and hale , a court, halberds being the com¬ 
mon weapons of guards.] A battle-axe fixed to a long 
. pole; 
HAL 
Four knaves in garbs fuccinCl, a trufty band, 
Caps on their heads, and halberds in their hand, 
Draw forth to combat on the velvet plain. Pope. 
PIALBERDIER', f. [French.] One who is armed 
with a. halberd.—The duchefs appointed him a guard 
of thirty halberdiers , in a livery of murrey and blue, to 
attends his perfon. Bacon. 
HAL'BERDWEED,/ in botany. See Ca lea. 
HAL'BERSTADT, a principality of Germany, in the 
circle or kingdom of Lower Saxony, bounded on the.north 
by Wolfenbuttel and Magdeburg ; on the eaft by Mag¬ 
deburg ; on the fouth by Anhalt and Blankenburg, and 
the county of Werningerojde ; and on the weft by the bi- 
Ihopric of Hildefheim: in its greateft extent from eaft 
to weft about thirty-fix miles, and twenty-eight from 
north to fouth. This principality is for the moft part 
level, but contains fome eminences, though few hills. 
The foil is extremely fertile, both in grain and flax, 
with rich-pafturages and meadows. The graziery here 
alfo is confiderable, and their large breeds of (keep af¬ 
ford plenty of wool. On the other hand, the woods- 
are continually leftening, and at prefent the want of fuel 
there is fo great, that even ftravv and ftubble are ufed 
for it; yet the coal-pits are but little worked. Of game 
and filh the country has little; neither is there a river 
in it of any confiderable extent. The greateft part of 
the inhabitants are Lutherans. The churches of that 
religion are divided into eleven infpedtions, over which 
is a general fuperintendency. The Calvinifts and Ro¬ 
man catholics are confiderable in number. The latter 
are prohibited from making converts; as the convents, 
by an ordinance of 1702, were from purchafing immo¬ 
veable eftates; The Jews are tolerated to a fixed num¬ 
ber of families. The woollen manufadtures eftabliftved 
in this country are in a thriving condition. The prin¬ 
cipality of Halberftadt derives its origin from the an¬ 
cient biffiopric of that name. The emperor, Charles 
the Great, is faid to have intended the eredtion of the 
fee, but it did not take place till under his fon, Louis I. 
and its firft bilhop was Hildegrin, who was confecrated 
in the year 814. At the treaty of Weftphalia, in 1648, 
the diocefe was transferred to the electoral houfe of 
Brandenburg as a temporal principality. But it was at 
that time in a bad fituation, moft of the eftates and bai¬ 
liwicks belonging : to it being alienated. By good ma¬ 
nagement, however, thefe were gradually redeemed. 
HAL'BERSTADT, a city of Germany, and capital 
of the principality' to which it-gives name. The build¬ 
ings are moftly old and irregular. The inhabitants do 
not much exceed 1300, notwithftanding which, within 
and about the town are fixteen churches. Peterfhof, 
formerly the epifcopal refidence, is at prefent the place 
of all the public offices. The records, together with 
the funds of leveral taxes, and likewife of the demefries, 
are alfo kept there. The cathedral, or St. Peter’s, is 
an old but ltately building, conftrudted of a very hard 
free-ftone. The chapter is compoled of a provoft, a 
dean, a fenior and fubfeniors, and fixteen canons, of 
whom four are Roman catholic, but all the others Lu¬ 
theran. In 1179, the town was reduced to allies by the 
troops of Henry the Lion, in revenge of an injury done 
to him and his territories by bifliop Ulric. In 1203, 
it was walled and moated. The increafe of its inhabi¬ 
tants occafioned the building of two fuburbs, the houfe- 
keepers in which are put on the fame footing with the 
town burghers. .Towards the beginning of the eigh¬ 
teenth century, another fuburb was added to it. In 
1752, the walls which environed near one half of this 
city, were pulled down, and the moats filled up, fo as 
to form a level, which has been converted into a plan¬ 
tation of mulberry-trees. In 1758, Halberftadt was 
very feverely treated by the French, who demolilhed 
its gates,.and likewife its walls for eight hundred rods 
in length. Thirty miles fouth-weft of Magdeburg, and 
thirty- 
