170 ha : 
©us champions ? His admirable fagacity, and ftrift im¬ 
partiality in the fearch and difcovery of truth, his care 
and diligence in confidering and examining the reafons 
and evidences of religion, all confpire to attach a pecu¬ 
liar importance to his teftimony, and enhance its value, 
to give an additional confirmation of the truth to the 
believer, and check the ralh preTiimption of the fceptic. 
Men who might perufe with a prejudiced eye, the writ¬ 
ings of thofe whofe profefiion immediately enjoins them 
to exert their abilities in the defence of the Gofpel, may 
be prevailed on to pay them a ferious attention, merely 
by the authority of one, whofe natural conftitution, 
learned profefiion, and worldly intereft, raifed him above 
fufpicion; by the refpeCt which the fame of his folid 
judgment and difcriminati'ng powers mull command; 
and, above all, by the conllant drain of piety-, virtue, 
and ufefulnefs, for which his life and literary labours 
were fo eminently dillinguilhed.” Such was the afiidu- 
ous, the upright, the pious, the unafluming, fir Matthew 
Hale. 
HAL'EBLI, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in the pro¬ 
vince of Natolia: twenty-four miles fouth-wed of Eregri. 
HAL'ECUS,/ in botany. See Croton. 
HA'LEM, or Halen, orHALLEN, a town of Bra¬ 
bant, fituated on the Geete : four miles fouth-ead of 
Died.- i 
HAL'ENDORP, a town of Germany, in the duchy 
of Hoi dein : eleven miles ead-north-ead of Eutyn. 
HA'LER,y. He who pulls and hales. 
HALES (Alexander), a celebrated Englifh divine, 
who flouriftied in the thirteenth century, born in Glott- 
cederfitire. He was fent for education to the univerfity 
of Paris, where he didinguidted himfelf by his profici¬ 
ency in academic dudies, and particularly in fcholadic 
theology and canon law. After taking his degree of 
do&or, he commenced profedbr in thofe fciences, and 
attracted a crowd of pupils, among whom were the fa¬ 
mous Scotus, and John Fidanza, afterwards known un¬ 
der the name of cardinal Bonaventure. In 1222 he em¬ 
braced the monadic date among the Francilcans at Pa¬ 
ris, with whom hefpent the remainder of his days, 
chiefly employed on the compofition of various works. 
He died in 1245. The bed of the writings which can 
with certainty be pronounced genuine, is the Summa uni- 
verfce Theologies, or Commentaries on the four Books of 
Sentences, which he undertook by order of Pope Inno¬ 
cent IV. It was fir.ft printed at Nuremberg in 1482, fo¬ 
lio, and afterwards at Bafil in 1502, at Venice in 1575 
and 1576, and at Cologn in 1622. As to the Commentaria 
in quatuor Libros Sententiarum, publifited under his name at 
Lyons, in 1515, in 4 vols. the bed critics concur in 
maintaining that they are to be afcribed to fome other 
hand. 
HALES (John), a learned Englifli critic, born at the 
city of Bath, in 1584. He was initiated in grammar 
learning'in his native place, and at thirteen years of age 
he was qualified for the univerfity. He was entered a 
fcholar of Corpus-Chrifti college, Oxford, where he at- 
tra&ed much notice by his extraordinary proficiency in 
literature, and the fuperior ability and acutenefs dis¬ 
played in his academic exercifes, when he took his de¬ 
gree of B. A. He was particularly famed for his accu¬ 
rate knowledge of the Qreek language, which recom¬ 
mended him to the attention of the learned fir Henry Sa- 
vile, then warden oLMerton college, through whole in¬ 
fluence he was elefted a fellow of that inditution, in 
1605. Of his aliidance fir Henry availed himfelf, as 
well as that of other able fcholars, abroad and at home, 
in preparing for tire prefs his fine edition of the works 
of 1 St. Chryfodom. Mr. Hales’s Ikill in Greek like- 
wife occafioned his being appointed Greek letiturer in 
his college; and, in 1612, profedbr of that language to 
the univerfity. In 1613, upon the death of fir Thomas 
B’odley, founder of the Bodleian library, Mr. Hales was 
ieletted by the univerfity to pronounce his funeral ora- 
L E S. 
tion, which is preferved in Dr. Bates’s Vit. Seleft. ali. 
quot Virorum ; and in the fame year he was admitted fel¬ 
low of Eton college, being then in orders. Five years 
afterwards he accompanied fir Dudley Carleton, ambaf- 
fador to'the Hague, in the capacity of his chaplain ; by 
which means he had the opportunity of procuring ad- 
miflion to the fynod of Dort. While' he attended the 
meetings of this fynod, he became a convert from Cal- 
vinifm to Arminianifm. This appears from a letter 
written by his friend Mr. Anthony Farindon, and pre¬ 
fixed to the author 7 s Golden Remains. In 1639, Mr. 
Hales was advanced to a canonry of Windfor, and was 
inftalled accordingly ; but he did not enjoy this prefer¬ 
ment any longer than till the commencement of the civil 
wars in 1642. About the beginning of the year 1645, 
he retired from his rooms in the college to private lodg¬ 
ings at Eton, where he remained in clofe feclufion from 
fociety. He was permitted, however, to retain his fel¬ 
low Ihip for fome time, though he reiufed to fubfcribe 
to the covenant ; but upon his refufal to take the engage~ 
ment, or oath, to be faithful to the commonwealth of Eng¬ 
land, as then eftabliflied, without a king or houfe of 
lords, he was ejected. From this time he underwent 
hardfltips and difficulties, which he fuftained with for¬ 
titude and cheerfulnefs, preferving a noble indepen¬ 
dence of fpirit under every change of circumftances, to 
the day of his death. That event took place on the 
19th of May, 1655, when he had completed the feventy- 
fecond year of his age. He was intimately acquainted 
with the mod eminent wits and popts of his time, par¬ 
ticularly lord Falkland, Ben Jonlon, and fir Wiliam Da- 
venant; and Wood relates, that, when the king and 
court refided at Windfor, his company was much fought 
by noblemen and courtiers, who were extremely de¬ 
lighted with him, not more for his profound learning, 
than for his polite difcourfes, ftories, and poetry. None 
of the pieces of .which he was the author were printed 
during his life-time, excepting his funeral oration for 
fir Thomas Bodley, one or two fermons, and his TraCt 
on Schifm, &c. About three years after his death, in 
1659, there came out a collection of his works in quarto, 
with this title, Golden Remains of Mr. John Hales, of 
Eton College, ftyled the “ever-memorable which was en¬ 
larged with additional pieces in a fetond edition in 1673. 
This collection confiftsof fermons, mifcellanies, and let¬ 
ters written on particular occafions. In 1677 there ap¬ 
peared another collection of his works, in 8vo. entitled. 
Several TraCts, by the ever-memorable Mr. John Hales. 
The firfi complete collection of all his pieces was printed 
at Glafgow, in 1765, in 3 vols. 121110. 
HALES (Stephen), a celebrated divine and philofo- 
pher, born in 1677, at Beckeffiourn, in Kent. He was 
the fixth fon of Thomas Hales, efq, the elde-ft fon of fir 
Robert Hales, created a baronet by Charles II. and 
Mary the heirefs of Richard Langley, of Abbots-Wood 
in Hertfordffiire. In 1696 he was entered a penfionej - 
at Bennet-college, Cambridge; was admitted a fellow 
in 1703, and became bachelor of divinity in 1711. He 
foon difcovered a genius for natural philofophy, and 
other fcientific purfuits. Botany jvas his fit It (tudy; 
and he ufed frequently to make excurfions among the 
Gogmagog hills, in company with Dr. Stukeley, with a 
view of profecuting that enquiry. In company with 
this friend he alio applied himfelf to the ftudy of ana¬ 
tomy, and invented a curious method of obtaining a re- 
prefentation of the Jungs in lead. They next applied 
themfelves to the ftudy of chemiftry ; in which, how¬ 
ever, they did not make any remarkable progrels. In 
the ftudy of aftronomy Mr. Hales Was equally affiduous. 
Having made himfelf acquainted with the Newtonian 
fyftem, he contrived a machine for displaying the phe¬ 
nomena of the heavens on much the fame principles with 
that afterwards made by Mr. Rowley, and, from the 
name of his noble patron, called an Orrery. 
About the year 1710 he was prefented to the perpe¬ 
tual 
