HAL 
green, yellowifli, red; violet, green, yellowifli, red. 
The red of a fourth was juft vifible. The radii of the 
rings might be about one, two, and three, degrees : but 
they were not meafured. The red in the inner ring 
feemed, in each cafe, to be contiguous to the violet in 
the next. On the ?d of December following, he ob- 
ferved a tingle halo ro,und the moon, at about a degree 
and a quarter from it: the colours followed one another 
in the fame order which they aflumed in thofe mentioned 
above ; and the fed colour of a fecond halo was juft dif- 
cernible, the diameter of which, as nearly as could be 
determined by the eye, was double the diameter of the 
inner one. Mr, Wood noticed, that the order in which 
the colours were fituated, as well in [the/e as in all the 
halos which he has feen, is fimilar to the order adigned 
tg them by fir Ifaac Newton at the end of the fecond 
book of his Optics ; and, confequently, contrary to the 
order in which they are laid down by Des Cartes and 
Huygens : but he thinks the'hypothecs by which New¬ 
ton attempted to account for the appearance of thefe 
meteors, is equally unfatisfadlory with thofe which the 
two latter gentlemen had employed for the fame pur- 
pofe; he therefore prefers the theory founded on the 
rinciples laid down in the ninth chapter of the fecond 
ook of Smith’s Qpti.cs ; to which article we beg leave 
to refer the reader. 
Thefe are feveral artificial ways of exhibiting pheno¬ 
mena of this kind : the flame of a candle, placed in the 
rnidft of a fteam in cold weather, or placed at the dif- 
tance of Lome feet from a glafs window that has been 
breathed upon, while the fpedtator is alfo at the diftance 
of fome feet from another part of the window, or placed 
behind a glafs receiver, when air is admitted into the 
. vacuum within it to a certain denfity, in each of thefe 
circumftances it will appear to be encompaffed by a co¬ 
loured halo. Alfo, a quantity of water being thrown 
up againft the fun, as it breaks and difperfes into drops, 
forms-a kind of halo or iris, exhibiting the colours of 
the natural rainbow. Milfl’chenbroek .obferved, that 
when the glafs windows of his room were covered with 
a thin plate of ice on the infide, the-moon feen through 
it was furrounded with a large and varioufly-colonred 
halo ; which, upon opening the window, he found arofe 
entirely from that thin plate, of ice, becaufe none was 
feen except through fuch plate. Muflchenbroek con¬ 
cludes his account of coronas with obferving, that fome 
denfity of vapour, or fome thicknefs of the plates of 
ice, divides the light in its tranfmifiion either through 
the fmall globules or their interftices, into its feparate 
colours; but what/that denfity is, or what the fize of 
the particles which compofe the vapour, he does not 
pretend to determine. 
HA'LONE, in ancient geography, an ifland of Pro¬ 
pontis, oppofite Cyzicus. Pliny. 
HALONNE'SLfS, an ifland on the coaft of Macedo¬ 
nia, at the bottom of the Sinus Thermiacus. It was 
inhabited only by women, who had flaughtered all the 
males ; and they defended themfelves againft an inva- 
fion. Mela. 
HALORA'GIS, f. [from a.\o$ y Gr. the flea,; and 
(JotyK, a grape-ftone ; becaufe it grows on the fea coaftp 
and the feeds referable grape-ftones.] In botany, 4 ge¬ 
nus of the clafs octandria,- order tetragynia* natural or¬ 
der of calycanthema, (onagras, JuJf.) The generic cha¬ 
racters arc—Calyx: perianthium quadrifid, fuperior, 
fattened about the germ, permanent. Corolla: petals 
four, oblong, blunt, concave, fpreading, with narrow 
claws, inferted into the calyx. Stamina: filaments eight, 
filiform, upright, fliorter than the corolla, inferted into 
the calyx y antherae oblong, four-furrowed, upright. 
Piftillum: germ inferior ; ftyles four, upright; ftigmas 
fnnple, blunt. Pericarpium: drupe dry, foundifh, 
crowned with the permanent calyx. Seed: nut bony, 
four-ceiled, with one kernel in each cell.— EQential Cha- 
ratler. Calyx four-cleft, fuperiorj petals four; drupe 
dry, inclofi'ng a four-celled nut'. 
HAL 1 S 7 
Species, i. Haloragis proftrata : leaves oblong, quite 
entire, mucronate ; fruits globular. Branches four-cor¬ 
nered, fmooth.. Leaves oppofite, feffile, tapering at the 
bale into the infertion, waved, fmooth. Fruits axillary, 
folitary, pedicelled. When the fruit is in a ftate of ma¬ 
turity, this plant bears a great refemblance to Amnian- 
nia latifolia. Native of Botany-ifland, near New Cale¬ 
donia, September 30, 1774; in the Ille of Pines, &c. in 
the South Seas. 
2. Haloragis cercordia : leaves ferrate; flowers in 
whorls. This is an underftirub, about two feet high, 
branched, panicled, upright. S-talk quadrangular, and 
red ; the angles elevated, rounded, fcabrous. Leave,s op¬ 
pofite, petioled, horizontal, ovate-lanceolate, unequally 
ferrate, with the ferratures prickly; fcabrous, flat, vein¬ 
ed, an inch in length; petioles one-third of the length 
of the leaves, femicylindric, channelled. Flowers at 
the ends of the'branches, axillary, in threes, pediincled, 
fmall, reddifh green. It was-found abundantly in New 
Zealand by fir Jofeph Banks, bart. and others. The 
younger Linnaeus informs us that Jt flowered with him 
in November‘1779 ; and that fome of the flowers had 
petals, others none. With us it flowers moft-part of 
the fumnier, and was introduced in 1772. 
HALOSACH'NE,y. [from a.X; y Gr. the fea, and ayyn, 
■froth.] The froth or fpume of the fea. 
HAL'PACH, a river of Germany, in the archduchy 
of Auftria, which runs into the Trafen about two miles 
weft of Schwartznpacli. 
HAL'PO, or Hal'apo, a town of Mexico, in the 
province of Tabafco. 
HALS, a town of Germany, in the circle of Bavaria, 
in a county of the fame name, fituated on the Iz; The 
county was fold to the duke of Bavaria in the year 1517. 
It is two miles north of Paflau. 
HAL'SE, a town of Norway, in the province of Dron- 
theim : fixty miles fouth-weft of Drontheim. 
HAL'SENING, adj. [hats, Germ. hafs y Scottifh, the 
neck.] Sounding harfhly ; inharmonious in the throat 
or tongue. Not in ufe. —This halfening horny name hath, 
as Cornuto in Italy, opened a gap to the feoffs of many, 
Carew. 
HAL'SER, f. [from haly, Sax. a neck, and peel, a 
rope. It is now in marine pronunciation corrupted to 
■ hawfer.~\ A rope lefs than a cable : 
A beechen maft then in the hollow bafe 
They hoifted, and with well-wreath’d halfers hoift 
Their white fails. Chapman . 
JIAL'SINGLAND, a province of Sweden. See Hel- 
SING LAND. 
HAL'STED, a neat and pleafant market-town in the 
county of Efiex, fituated forty-feven miles from Lon¬ 
don, fourteen from Colchefter, eight frOm Sudbury, and 
twenty-four from Cambridge. It is feated on a riling • 
ground, at [he foot of which the river Colne palles 
through. It is etteemed a healthy lituation, on account 
of the breadth and airinefs of the ftreets. The general 
trade is the manufadturing of bays and fays, the annual 
return for. which has been very confiderable ; but for 
fome years paft it has been in a’declining ftate, as is the 
. cafe of the neighbouring towns. It has two fairs in the 
year, for horfes, cattle, and toys, on the 6th of May and 
29th of Odtober. Market on Fridays. Here is a good 
grammar-fehool, founded by dame Mary Ramfey, wi¬ 
dow, in 1594, for forty free fcholars : the truftets are 
the governors of Chrift’s-hofpital, in. London. Here was 
alfo a collegiate church for eight paftors. The princi¬ 
pal feat in the neighbourhood is that of the marquis of 
Buckingham. 
To HALT, v.n. [healt:, Sax. lame; he-abean, to limp.] 
To limp to be lame : 
Spenfer himfelf affedls the obfolete, 
And Sidney’s verfe halts ill on Roman feet. Pope. 
To flop in a march.—I was forced to halt in this per¬ 
pendicular march! Addijon. —To hefitate; to ftand du¬ 
bious. 
