HAM 
mally took poffeffion of the city in the name of Napo¬ 
leon Bonaparte. The next day French officers mounted 
guard at.all the public offices and gates, and free quar¬ 
ters were provided for the_troops, who Were diffributed 
at the houfes of the citizens. A few hours only had 
expired, when the names of the generals, colonels, and 
commiflaries, of the French army, were infcribed on the 
doors of the principal manfions in the city. The com-- 
miliary at war occupied the'houfe of the Britifh minifter, 
which he entered half an hour after the latter had quitted 
it. The head-quarters of Mortier were at a fenator’s in 
the Blichen. One of the firft meafures was to demand 
all theEnglifh property^ in whatever form it might ap¬ 
pear. To this application the fenate replied, that to. 
enforce fitch a requifition would be the total ruin of the 
city. General Mortier fignified, on receiving this com¬ 
munication, that it was .his determination not to relax a 
fhilling of his demand. Means were inftantly taken to 
carry this fcheme of pillage into execution ; and for this 
purpofe the merchants were compelled to give an efti- 
mate of all the Englifh property in their hands; domi¬ 
ciliary vifits were appointed to afcertain the validity of 
fuch accounts; and to enforce thefe violent meafures. 
many of the moft refpeftable perfons were put under 
arreft, to operate on the public mind by intimidation.— 
Such is the fallen ftate of the once free and independent 
city of Hamburg. 
HAM'BURG, a poll town of the American States, 
in New Jerfey, eighteen miles from Gofhen in New York, 
and twenty from Newtown or Suflex court-houfe. 
HAM'BURG, a handfome town of the American" 
States, in Burke’s county, Pennfylvania., feated on the 
eaft fide of Schuylkill. Here are a German Lutheran 
and Calvinift church, united. It is eighteen miles north- 
by-weft of Reading, and feventy north-north-weft of Phi¬ 
ladelphia. Lat. 40. 34. N. Ion. 76. W. 
HAM'BURG COMPANY. See the article Com¬ 
pany, vol. iv. p. S73. 
HAM'BURGER, f. A native of Hamburg; an inha¬ 
bitant of Hamburg. 
HAMDAMA'NIAS, f. in botany. See Grewia. 
HAM'DEN, a tovvnftiip of the American States, in 
Newhaven county, Connecticut, about eight miles north 
of Newhaven city. 
HAM'DEN, a townlhip of the American States, in 
the diftriCt of Maine, in Hancock county, on the weft 
fide of Penobfcot river, oppofite Orrington. 
HAM'DEN HILL, a remarkable elevation in Somer- 
fetfhire, with a confiderable Roman encampment or for¬ 
tification on the top of it. But it is molt noted for a 
valuable quarry of freeftone, which pofiefles the excel¬ 
lent quality of hardening by the fun and air, whereby it 
becomes exceedingly durable, and'will retain for centu¬ 
ries all the acute angles and lharp edges of its vvork- 
manfhip. 
HAME,yi [liama, Sax.] The collar by which a 
borfe draws in a waggon. 
HAMEDA'THA, [Heb. a meafure.] A man’s name. 
HAM'EL, a town of France, in the department of 
the Oife, and chief place of a canton, in the diftriCt of 
Grandvillier: one league fouth-eaft of Grandvillier. 
HAM'EL (John Baptiftdu), a learned French divine, 
bornat Vire, in Lower Normandy, in 1624. He received 
his early education at Caen; whence he removed to ftudy 
rhetoric and philofophy at Paris. When only eighteen 
years of age, he wrote a treatife, in which he explained 
Theodoilus’s Three Books upon Spherics; to which he 
added a trad upon trigonometry, extremely perfpicuoiis, 
and deligned as an introduction to aftronomy. Thofe 
pieces were publifhed’at Paris in 1644, 8vo. When M. 
du Hamel had nearly completed his twentieth year, he 
entered Ip to the congregation of the Oratory ; and was 
afterwards prefented to the benefice of Neuiili upon the 
Marne. Here his private hours were devoted to literary 
Vol. LX. No.577. 
HAM 193 
and philofophical ftudies; an<f here he compiled his 
AJlronomia Pkyfica, and his treatife De Meteoris & Foffilibus, 
both publifhed in 1660, 4to. In 1663 he relinquiftied 
his cure at Neuiili, upon being appointed chancellor of 
the church at Bayeux. In the fame year he publifhed 
one of the moft celebrated of his performances, entitled 
De Gonfcnfu Veteris & Nova Philofophia, 4to. His reputa¬ 
tion was now fo high in the philofophical world, that • 
upon the eftablifhment of the royal academy of fciences 
by Louis XIV. in 1666, he was appointed the fecretary 
of that inftitution. I n 1668, when M. Colbert de Croifly 
was font plenipotentiary to negotiate the peace of Aix- 
la-Chapelle, he engaged M. du Hamel to accompany 
him, for the purpofe of drawing up the diplomatic pa¬ 
pers, which were at that time written in the Latin lan¬ 
guage. After the treaty was. concluded, he accompa¬ 
nied M. de Croilfy^to England, in order to form an ac¬ 
quaintance with the learned men of this nation, particu¬ 
larly the illuftrious Boyle, who opened to him all his 
treafures of experimental philofophy. From England 
he went to Holland, and vilited the men of fcience in 
that country; after which he returned to France. 
After the acceflions of knowledge and information 
which M. du Hamel acquired on his travels, he fat down 
very afliduoufly to prepare his different works for the 
prefs. In 1670, he publifhed his treatife De Corfionm 
AJfe£iionibus, which two years afterwards was folloewd 
by his book De Mente Humana-, and in 1673 appeared his 
treatife De Cqrpore animato, in which his reafonings and 
deductions are founded on experiment, and particularly 
on anatomy. In 1678 he.publifhed at Paris his Philojb- 
phia vetus & nova, ad ufum Scho/a accommodata, in Regia Bur-' 
gundia pertraclata, in 4 vols. 121110. which in 1681 was en¬ 
larged,'and printed in 6 vols. Thefe and fome other 
philofophical pieces, were collected together, and pub¬ 
lifhed at Nuremberg in 1681, in 4 vols. 4to. under the 
title of Opera Philojopkica & AJlronomica, &c. and were de- 
fervedly held in high eftiniation. In 1691, he publilhed 
a courfe of divinity, entitled Tkeologia Specvlatrix & prac-'. 
tica, in 7 vols. 8vo. in which he difplayed an extenfive 
acquaintance with ecclefiaftical hiftory. In 1694, he 
publifhed an abridgmenf of this work, under the title 
of Tkeologia Clericorum Seminariis aceommodata Summarium , 
in 5 vols. 
The next memorable circumftance in M, du Hamel’s 
life, was his refignation, in 1697, of the poft of fecretary 
to the royal academy of fciences, in which he was fuc- 
ceeded by M. de Fontenelle. He now publifhed an ac¬ 
count of the royal academy of fciences, and its tranfac- 
tions, from its original •feftablifhment, to the year 1696 
which appeared in 1698, entitled Regia Scientiarum Aca¬ 
demia Hijloria, 4to. This work was fo favourably re¬ 
ceived by the learned world, that lie was encouraged to- 
augment it in a new edition printed in 1701, in which 
the hiftory of the academy is. brought down to the year 
1700. In 1698, likewife, he publifhed Injlitutiones Biblica , 
J'eu Scriptura Sacra Prolegomena, und cum felcttis Annotationibus 
in Pentateuckum, which was followed by Annotations on 
the PfaJms, publifhed in 1701, and on the Books of Pro¬ 
verbs, the Song of Solomon, Ecclefiaftes, and the Book 
of Wifdom. Thefe different annotations were afterwards 
incorporated in M. du Hamel’s grand publication, con¬ 
fiding of the whole Bible, illuftrated with notes. It 
made its appearance, in 1705, after the author had com¬ 
pleted the eighty-firft year of his age, and was entitled 
Biblia facra vulgata Editionis, una cum Selcclh ex optimus qui- 
bufqiie Interpretibus Notis,. Prolegomenis, novis Tabulis Ckronolo - 
gicis & Geographicis, folio. He died in the following year, • 
univerfally elteemed for his Unaffected piety, integrity 
benevolence, and pleafing manners. . a ’ 
HA'MEL DU MONCEAU' (Henry Louis du), an 
eminent philofopher, born at Paris in 1709. He employed 
his whole life in fcientific and ufefui refearches • and 
from the year j 728 made him fell' known a. a writer in 
8 D the 
