HAM 
per by. this hammer, becaufe it requires fewer heats in 
doing the fame work than in the common way. The 
trowels made by it will bear any pre flu re or bending, 
and return immediately by their elafticity to their origi¬ 
nal Ihape ; and they will even cut a chip from' a bar of 
folid iron, without hurting their edge: they are alfo 
lighter and more handy than common trowels, and ferve 
much longer in ufe. This hammer is coffeftly deline¬ 
ated in the annexed Engraving : 
Fig. i, reprefents the machinery by which the ham¬ 
mer is made to a6b. A, a block of oak, to which the 
machinery is affixed. B, the wheel or nave, in which 
the hammer-handle C is fixed ; and.alfo the chains which 
give motion to the hammer by the quadrant marked D. 
EE, are the two levers which work the quadrant D. 
F F, two- pedals, on which the perfon who works the 
machine treads alternately, holding the levers in his 
hands’: when he treads on the right pedal F, he lifts 
the" hand-levers E E, which motion raifes the hammer C ; 
when he treads on the; left-hand pedal, he prefles on the 
fame levers, which motion lets fall the hammer. G, a 
rack, which moves perpendicularly by the action of a 
ftrong wooden fpring H, placed in a trough underneath 
the centre of the machine ; the rack is kept clofe to the 
quadrant K by a bridge a, containing a fmall friftion 
roller. 1, an additional .fieel fpring, which is to be faft- 
ened to the ceiling over the machine, in order to give 
more efficacy to the wooden fpring H, when fewer hands 
are at work. K, the quadrant contained in the centre 
of the oak block A, under the nave B, which alfifts in 
raifing and depreffing the hammer, by the alternate ac¬ 
tions of {he pedals F F. L, a lever fixed on the axis'-of 
the quadnyit K, which, at the time it deprefl'es the rack 
G, pulls the hammer-handle C, by the chain M, which 
adds to the power of the blow. N O, reprefent two 
fide levers, which are to be worked by two men, when¬ 
ever more power is required. P P, reprefent two other 
pedals, on which a man treads alternately, to. give, mo¬ 
tion to the hammer, having an upright rod or chain to 
each pedal : one rod is connected from the right pedal 
P, to the lever O, which raifes the hammer ; the other 
rod, from the left pedal P, is connefted to the handle of 
the hammer C ; when the man treads on the left pedal P, 
he acts upon the hammer C, and, by lifting the lever O 
with both hands at the fame time, gives double force to 
the blow. Q, a wooden fpring or (top, which prevents 
the hammer from rifing too high, and accelerates its 
fall. R. a bridle, which fupports the wooden fpring Q. 
S S, two iron ftandards, with holes in each, to raife or 
fall the wooden fpring. T, a wooden ftandard, to fup- 
port one end of the wooden fpring Q. V, a fieel tern-■ 
pered fpring ftandard, tofupportthe hammer whilftout 
of aCtion ; it alfo gives eafe to the fprings, and prevents 
the heat of.the anvil from foftening the face of the ham¬ 
mer. U, a folid block of oak in which the anvil is fix¬ 
ed. W, the anvil, with a hollow dove-tail on the top 
for the reception of different faces, as the various kinds 
of work may require. X, a fieel face, dove-tailed into 
the anvil, of a (hape and fize calculated to receive the 
flrokeof the face dove-tailed into the hammer. Y, a fieel 
*P r ‘ n g, which lies beneath the hammer-handle, but only 
touches it when the hammer falls. This fpring, when 
the heated metal is laid upon the anvil, and in aloft 
fiate, prevents the'hammer from falling upon it with its 
full force. It alfo gives a recoil to the hammer, and 
permits the workmen to modify or fhorten th? ftroke 
with quicknefs, Cafe, - and regularity. Z, a weight 
hung on the arm of the quadrant K, in order to coun¬ 
teract the power of thejiammer occafionally, when light 
work is to be performed. 
Fig. 2, reprefents a bird’s-eye view of the hammer- 
wheel, and is marked with fimilar letters as in fig. i. to 
defignate the fame parts, i, i, are chains, by which the 
rack G raifes the hammer. 2, 2, chains which raife or 
deprefs the hammer by the motion of the levers E E. 
Vol.I^. No. 577. 
HAM 1 07 
Fig. 3, fiiews the feftion of a hammer-head, with a 
articular face dove-tailed into it; and-which face may 
e taken out and changed,' fo as to fuit different fized 
work and different operations. 
For the invention of this hammer Mr. Walby re¬ 
ceived, in 1804, the filver medal and forty guineas, from 
the Society for promoting Arts, Manufactures, and 
Commerce, in the Adelphi, London. 
7 b HAM'MER, v. a. To beat with a hammer.—His 
bones the' hammer'd fieel in ftrength fitrpafs. Sandvs .—* 
To forge or form with a hammer : 
Drudg’d like a ltnith, and on the anvil beat, 
’Till he had hammer i d out a vafi eftate. Dryden. 
To work in the mind, to-contrive by intellectual la¬ 
bour: ufed commonly in contempt.—He was nobody 
that could not hammer out an invention,, and pifture it ; - 
accordingly. Camden. 
Wilt thou ftill be hammering treachery, 
To humble down thy hufband and thyfelf? Shakejpeare* 
To HAM'MER, v. n. To workj to be bufy; in con¬ 
tempt : 
Nor need’ft thou much importune me to that,. 
Whereupon this month I have been hammering. Shakefp. 
To be in agitation : 
Vengeance is in my heart, death in my hand ; 
Blood and revenge are hammering in my head. Shakefpeare. 
HAM'MER, a town of Norway, in the diocefe of 
Aggerhuus : fifty-two miles north of Chriftiania. 
HAM'MER (Little), a town of Norway, in the dio- 
cefe of Aggerhuus^ feventy-fix miles north of Chrif¬ 
tiania. 
HAM'MER ISLAND, a fmall ifland of Sweden, in 
the Baltic, near the coaft of Blechirigen : four miles eafi 
of Carlfcron. ■ 
HAM'MERER, f. He who works with a hammer. 
HAM'MERHARD,yf Hammer hard i s when youharden 
iron or fieel with much hammering on it. Moxon. 
HAM'MERHARDENED, adj;_ Hardened by ham¬ 
mering. 
HAM'MERING, f. The aft of working with a ham¬ 
mer; the aft of forging with a hammer ; the found of ■ 
hammers. 
HAM'MERHUS, a fortrefs of Denmark, in the ifland 
of Bornholm. 
HAM'MERSMITH, the,moft populous part of the 
little town of Fulham, near London. It has two ex¬ 
cellent charity fchools, and a fair on May j. . It is fitu- 
ated on the- north fide of Thames, four miles weft of 
London. 
HAM'MITES, f. In natural hiftory, a ftone refem- 
bling the fpawn of fifh. Phillips. 
HAMMOCHRY'SOS, f. In natural hiftory, a pre¬ 
cious ftonevwith fpangles of a gold colour. 
HAM'MOCK, f. [hamaca,- Sax.] A fwinging bed. - 
—Prince Maurice of Naflau, who had been accuftomed^ 
to hammocks , ufed them all his life. Temple. 
HAM'MON, a city of Paleltine, belonging to the 
tribe of Aflier ; fituated upon the boundary of that pro¬ 
vince. JoJh. xix. 28. 
HAM'MON, or Hammoth-dor, a city of Paleftine, . 
belonging to-the tribe of Na'phtali; and one of the cities 
of the Levites of the family of Grelham. It is probably 
the fame with Harirmath. J 0 ^ 1 - xx >* 3 2 - 1 Chron. vi. 76. 
HAM'MOND (Henry), a learned Englifh divine, . 
born at Chertfey in Surrey, in 1605. He was the youngeft 
fon of Dr. John Hammond, phylician to Henry prince of 
Wales, who was his godfather. He received his claffi- 
cal education at.Eton fchool, where he made a rapid 
proficiency in the Latin and Greek languages. In 1618, 
when only thirteen years of age, he was lent to Mag¬ 
dalen college, Oxford. In 1625 he was elefted a fellow 
of his college, in which he had before been appointed 
3 E , to - 
