HAN 
217 
the moft eflential affiftance from the naval fuperiority of 
the league. By favouring the efcape of the young Guf- 
tavus Vafa, the cities accomplifhed what had been fo 
long the object of all their withes and views, the diffo- 
lution of the union of Calmar; a meafure which, as pro- 
feflor Mallet obferves, had been-more the occafion of 
difquietude, than the caufe of any mifchief to the confe¬ 
deracy. Soon afterward, the league had the good for¬ 
tune to fee Guftavus reduce the whole of Sweden to his 
obedience, its enemy Chrittian 11. depofed, and his crown 
conferred on his uncle, Frederic duke of Holltein. See 
the article Sweden. The Hanfeatie cities having joined 
the opponents of Chrittian, was a fufficient reafon for in¬ 
ducing the Dutch cities to aid him in recovering his do¬ 
minions : but every exertion in this attempt failed. On 
the occafion of the league having afforded material af¬ 
fiftance to the Danes,it requefted in return that the 
Sound fhould be flint againft the Dutch : but this people 
difregarded the claims of the confederacy, and on every 
occafion favoured their rivals. There is perhaps no in- 
ftance of a jealoufy more ftrong and permanent, than 
that wifh which the three northern kingdoms regarded 
the Hanfeati’c league. 
Hiftory has preferved the tragical particulars of- v the 
dreadful war waged by Lubeck, under the influence of 
the demagogue Wullenwer, aflifted by the blackfmith 
Meyer of Hamburg, againft Denmark; which was in¬ 
debted for its deliverance to its newly-chofen monarch 
Cliriftian III. who was as'beneficent >as he was brave. 
Wullenwer, who had changed the government of Lu¬ 
beck, who ruled in it with abfolute fway, and who, 
aided by his affociate, the low-born,hero Meyer, faw 
Denmark nearly fubjugated, was deftined at laft to ex¬ 
perience a reverfe of fortune; his ftar yielded to that of 
the lawful monarch ; and when fiiccefs forfook his ftand- 
ard, the abject multitude, which had before adored him, 
facrificed both him .and his colleague to its difappoint- 
ment. This effort, though an irregular one, proves the 
mutability of all ufurped authority, and (hows that the 
power of the league was very'coriiiderable : but from 
this time its political weight rapidly declined. The 
neighbouring nations were taught to be fenfible of the 
value of commerce ; governments encouraged their fub- 
jeefs to embark in it; and the privileges and immunities 
of the league were everywhere abrogated. Their efta- 
blifhments'were overturned in England : their ex'clufive 
rights were abolifiled in Denmark and Norway : Sweden 
favoured their rivals England and Holland, and by con¬ 
quering Livonia, excluded them from that country ; 
while the Britifii and Dutch fupplanted them in Rufiia. 
Even the caufes which had cemented their union, had 
ceafed to exift. In 1630, a cohgrefs wa's fummoned to 
meet at Lubeck ; but it was never held, becaufe no de¬ 
puties attended; while all the cities announced their 
feceffion from the league, and their defire no longer to 
be confidered as members of it. Lubeck, Hamburg,'and 
Bremen, however, which had been previoufly united by 
particular ties, again renewed their allociation, under 
the fplendid defignation of the Hanfeatie Cities. Their 
confederacy has been ever fince acknowledged ; and their 
exiftence as the proud remnant of the Hanfeatie league, 
was recognized and ratified in the laft treaty which 
fettled the German indemnities, and by every fovefeign 
power of Europe, until the violent feizure of Hamburg 
by Napoleon Bonaparte, in November 1806. Of the 
Hanfeatie laws there are various editions. One of thofe 
molt ufed is that by Kuricke, which is inferted alfo in 
Heineccii Scriptorum de jure nautico et maritimo jafciculus. 
Cleirac has given'a French tranflation of them. See 
Mallet de la Ligue Hanfeatique ; Monthly-Review, vol. 
50.; and Anderfon’s Hiftory of Commerce. 
HAN'SEL,/. See Handsel. 
HAN'SETOWN, y. One of the port-towns in Ger¬ 
many formerly confederated for their mutual defence, and 
protection of their trade. See Hanseatic League. 
'Vol'. IX. No. 579. 
HAN 
HANSFEL'DEN, a town of Germany, in the duchy 
of Stiria : eight miles north-north-weft of Judenburg. 
FIANS'GRAVE, f. [Dutch.] The chief of a com¬ 
pany ; the head map of a corporation. 
HANS'INKELLER, J. [Dutch; i. e. Jack in the 
cellar.] A child in the mother’s womb. 
HAN'T A, a country of Africa, on the Gold Coaft. 
See Anta. 
HAN'TELQDE, f. [from hant, Ger. a hand, and load , 
i. e. laid ; manus immifjio. ] In our ancient law, the term 
for an arreft; becaufe arrefts are made by laying hold 
on the debtor, &c. 
HANTOU-HO'TUN, a town of Chinefe Tartary : fe- 
venteen miles north-weft of Nimgouta. 
HANTS, the common appellative for the county of 
Hampfhire in England. 
HANTS, a'county of Nova Scotia, in Britifh Ame¬ 
rica, beginning about thirty miles from Halifax, contains 
the townfhips of Windfor, Falmouth, and Newport; 
feveral valuable traCts yet remain unlettled. The road 
from Halifax runs part of the way between Windfor and 
Newport, and has fettlements on it at final 1 di fiances. 
The county is about twenty miles fquare, and is well 
watered. The rivers St. Croix, JCenetcoot; and Coc- 
miguen, empty into the Avon, and are all navigable ex¬ 
cept the laft. The Cacaguet and Cobeguit are naviga¬ 
ble forty miles for veffels of fixty tons. 
HAN'VEC, a town of France, in the deparfment of 
the Finifterre, and chief place of a canton, in the diftrict 
of Landerneau : two leagues and a half fouth of Rander- 
neau, and two and a half north of Chateaulin. 
HA'NUN, [Heb. merciful.] A man’s name. 
HANU ZIS'ZKI, a town of Lithuania, in the palati¬ 
nate of Troki : ten miles fouth-fouth-weft of Troki. 
HAN'WAY (Jonas), an eininent merchant, born at 
Portfmouth in Hampfhire, in 17x2. His father, Mr. 
Thomas Hanway, was an officer in the naval fervice, 
and for fome years ftore-keeper to the dockyard at that 
place. At the age of feventeen, his fon Jonas was fent 
to Lifbon, and placed under a merchant in that city. 
His early life was marked With that difereet attention- 
and love of regularity, which afterwards diftinguifhed 
his character; and with which acconiplifliments he en¬ 
tered early into bufinef^ at Lifbon as a merchant or fac¬ 
tor; ibut did not remain there long before he connected-, 
himfelf as a partner in Mr. Dingley’s lioufe in Peterf- 
burgh; where he arrived on the 10th of June 1743. The 
trade of the'Engliffi on the Cafpian Sea into Perlia hav- ' 
ing been recently fet on foot with .the concurrence of 
Nadir Shaw king of Perfia, Mr. Hanway had the honour 
of being appointed to fuperintend this concern. He fet 
out on the 10th of September, and, after travelling 
through great part,of that kingdom during a courfe-off 
twelve months, he returned to Peterfburgh in 1745. He 
continued in tlie'Ruffian capital above five years longer ; 4 
when the independence he had acquired having excited 
a defire to fee his native country, he left Peterfburgh in 
July 1750. On his arrival in London he employed him¬ 
felf for'fome time as a merchant ; but afterwards, more . 
beneficially to the world, as a private gentleman. In 
1753 he publifiled “ An Hiftorical Account of the Bri- 
tifh Trade over the Cafpian Sea ; with a Journal of Tra- - 
vels from London through Ruffin into Perfia;,and back 
again through Ruffia, Germany, andFIolland. To which 
are added, the R.evolutions\of Perfia, with the Hiftory 
of the great Ufurper Nadir Kouli,” 4 vols. 4to. a work 
which was received with great avidity from the public. 
In 1756, he publifhed “ A Journal of Eight Days Journey 
from Portfmouth to Kingfton upon Thames, with an 
Eflay on Tea,” which was afterwards reprinted in 2 vols. 
8vo. 1757.. From this time, Mr. Hanway continued 
publiffiing on a variety of fubjedts, all relating to fome 
point of public good, in promoting fchemes of charity 
and benevolence, or propofing means of bettering the 
condition, and mending the morals, of the lower claffes 
3 K of 
