228 H A R 
held on Wednefdays : fairs, Nov. 28 and 29 ; and one 
near the town, on the 9th of September, called Harlow- 
Bulh fair. 
HARM, /, [heapm. Sax.] Injury; crime; wicked- 
nefs. Mifchief; detriment; hurt.—They Arnold be 
buffered to write on : it would keep them out of harm's 
way, and prevent them from evil courfes. Swift. 
We, ignorant of ourfelves, 
Beg often our own harms, which the wife Powers 
Deny us for our good. Shakejpeare. 
To HARM, v. a. To hurt ; to injure.—After'their 
young are hatched, they brood them under their wings, 
led the cold, and fometimes the heat, Atould harm them. 
Ray. 
What fenfe had I of her ftol’n hours of luff ? 
I faw’t not, thought it not, it harm'd not me. Shakefp. 
“Harm watch harm catch.”—This emphatic pro¬ 
verb is addreffed to the confideration of thofe., who, from 
flight and trivial caufes, watch for opportunities of in¬ 
juring their neighbour ; and who, as experience Aiows, 
often fell into the pit they dig for others. The Latins 
fay, Et Ji parat malum, qui alter i par at. The Germans, 
Wir/men anvern agt winfelbcr mude ; He who hunts another, 
tires himfelf. 
HARM-DO'ING, f. The aft of injuring another: 
By my life 
She never knew harm-doing. Shakfpeare. 
HAR'MALA,/ in botany. See Peganum. 
HAR'MAN’s STA'TION, a fort of the American 
States, in Kentucky, on the eaff (ide of the weft branch 
of Big Sandy river. On the oppoAte fide of this branch 
is the noted Great Salt Spring. Harman’s Station is 
about twenty miles fouth of Vancouver’s fort. 
HAR'MANSTORF, a town of Germany, in the du¬ 
chy of Stiria : two miles fouth-eaft of Graz. 
HAR'MAR, a well-conffrufted fort of the American 
States, in the north-weft territory, fituated at the mouth 
of the Mufkingum. It is conveniently fituated to rein¬ 
force any of the pofts up or down the river Ohio. The 
place is remarkably healthy. 
HARMATE'LIA, in ancient geography, a town of 
the Braclimans in India, taken'by Alexander. Diodorus. 
HARMA'TRIS, in ancient geography, a town of 
Asolia. 
HARMAT'TAN, 'a remarkable periodical wind, 
which blows front the interior parts of Africa towards 
the Atlantic ocean. Of this wind we have the follow¬ 
ing account in the Philofophical Tranfaftions, vol. 71. 
furniftied by Mr. Norris, a gentleman who had frequent 
opportunities of observing its Angular effefts. “ On that 
part of the coaft of Africa which lies between Cape 
Verd and Cape Lopez, an eafterly wind prevails during 
the months of December, January, and February, which 
by the Fantees, a nation on the Gold Coaft, is called the 
Harmattan. This wind comes on indifcriminately at any 
hour of the day, at any time of the tide, or at any pe¬ 
riod of the moon, ai?d continues fometimes five or fix 
days, and it has been known tp laft fifteen or fixteen 
days. There are generally three or four returns of it 
every feafon. A fog or haze is one of the peculiarities 
which ufilers in this wind. The gloom occafioned by 
it is fo great, as fometimes to make even near objects 
obfeure. Extreme drynefs makes another extraordinary 
property of the harmattan; for there is not the leali ap¬ 
pearance of mdifture in the atmofphere. Vegetables of 
every kind are very miichinjured; all tender plants, 
and mod of the productions of the garden, are deftroyed ; 
the grafs withers, and becomes dry like hay; the vigo¬ 
rous ever-greens perifti under its pernicious influence; 
the branches of the lemon, orange, and lime-trees, droop, 
the leaves become flaccid, wither, and, if the harmattan 
continues to blow for ten or twelve days, are fo parched, 
H A R 
as to be eafily rubbed to duff between the fingers.- the 
fruit of thefe trees, deprived of its nouriftiment, and Aim¬ 
ed in its growth, only appears to ripen, for it becomes 
yellow and'dry, without acquiring half the ufual fize • 
and totally without fucculence or juice. The parching 
effects of this wind are likewife evident on the external 
parts of the body. The eyes, lips, and palate, are ren¬ 
dered dry and uneafy, and drink is often required, not 
to quench thir.fi:, but to remove the painful aridity in the 
fauces. The lips and nofe beepme fore and fwelled • 
and the fcarf-fkin peels off, firft from the hands and face’ 
and afterwards from the other parts of the body. Dr! 
Lind calls it a malignant and fatal wind ; and in many 
refpedts it is very fimilar to the karnfin , or deftroyiim 
wind of Egypt, deferibed by M. Denon; for which 1 fee 
the article Eg ypt, vol. vi. p, 384. - 
HAR'MER (Thomas), an Englifti nonconform!ft di¬ 
vine, born at Norwich in 1715. Having early difeo- 
vered an inclination for the profefiion of the Chriftian 
miniftry among the proteftant diffenters, he was placed 
under proper claffical inftruftors, and, after he had made 
a confiderabie proficiency .in grammar learning, he de¬ 
voted himfelf to the tafle of acquiring a competent know¬ 
ledge of the Latin, Greek, and Hebrew, languages, in 
each of which he became a critic. But the 0 favourite 
objeft of his purfuit was oriental fcierice, which he ap¬ 
plied to the illuftration of the facred Scriptures. Ob- 
ferving a ftriking conformity between the prefent cuf- 
toms of the eaftern nations and thofe of the ancients, as 
alluded to in various paffages of Scripture, he conceived 
a deiign, at a very early period, of making extract? of 
fuch paffages in books of travels and voyages as ap¬ 
peared to him to fiirnifti a key to many parts of Holy 
Writ. In 1764, he therefore prefented’-to the public the 
firft fruits of thefe labours, in Obfervations on divers 
Paffages of Scripture, placing many of them in a light 
altogether new. The favourable reception which this 
work met with encouraged the author to publilh a new 
and enlarged edition of it in 1776. For many curious 
additions to this imprellion, he was indebted to the nia- 
nufeript papers of the celebrated fir John Chardin, with 
which he had been furniftied, through the intereft of 
the learned Dr. Lowtb, bifliop of London. The utility 
of his deiign, and the able manner in which it was exe¬ 
cuted, procured him alfo the correfpondence of many 
other leafned men. Animated by their approbation, 
and defirous of rendering his work ftill more perfeft, he 
continued indefatigable' in further refearches, till he had 
collected materials for two additional volumes, which 
were given to the public in 1787. On the 27th of No¬ 
vember in the following year, after having palled the 
preceding day in perfeft health, lie awoke early in the 
morning complaining of pain ; and, before any alTiftance 
could be afforded, he expired. Belideil this grand work, 
he publilhed, 1. The Outlines of anew Commentary 
on Solomon’s Song, drawn by the Help of Inffruftions 
from the Ealt, 1768, 8vo. 2. An Account of the Jew- 
ifli Doftrine of the Refurreftion of the Dead. 3. Re¬ 
marks on the ancient'and prefent State of the Congre¬ 
gational Churches of Norfolk and Suffolk. ' 4. An Ad- 
dr'efs to thofe who,are religioufly dilpofed, as a perfua- 
fion to church fellowlliip; together with feveral Angle 
fermons. 
HARME'SIAS, f. in botany. See Brow'nea. 
HARM'FUL, adj. Hurtful; mifehievous; noxious; 
injurious detrimental.—The earth brought forth fruit 
and food for man, without any mixture of harmful qua¬ 
lity. Raleigh. 
For flax and oats will burn the tender field. 
And fteepy poppies harmful harvefts yield. Dryden. 
HARM'FULLY, adv. Hurtfully ; poxioufty ; detrir 
mentally.—A fcholar is better occupied in playing or 
fleeping, than fpending his time, not only vainly but 
harmfully , in fuch kind of exercife, AJ'cham. 
HARM'FULNESS, 
