230 H A R 
all placed within one another;' the larged on the greateft 
end of the fpindle, with the neck outwards; the hext 
in iize is put into the other, leaving about an inch of its 
brim above the brim'of-th'e !: firft.; affd the others'are put 
on in tjie fame order. Front thefe expofed parts of each 
glafs, the tone is drawn, by laying a finger upon one of 
them, as the fpindle and glades turn round. The fpin¬ 
dle, thus'prepared, is fixed horizontally in the middle of 
n bqx, and made to turn offbrafs gudgeons at eathend'. 
A fqiiare fhank comes'from its thickeft end through the 
box, on which fhank a wheel is'?.Xed by a fcrew : this 
will ferve, like a fly, to make the motion equable', when 
the fpindle is turned by the foot like a fpinning-wheel. 
The wheel is eighteen inches 1 in diameter, and cohceals 
near its circumference about twenty-five pounds of lead, 
and may be made of mahogany. An ivory pin is fixed 
in the face of the wheel, about four inches from the axis; 
over which is put the loop of the firing, that comes up 
from the moveable ftep to give it motion. The box is 
about three feet long, eleven indies wide at the greateft 
end, and five inches at the final-left end ; it istnade with 
a lid, which opens at the middle of its height: and turns 
up by back hinges, Theinftrument, thus Completed, 
hands on a mahogany frame with four legs. The inftru- 
ment is played upon by fitting before it, as before the 
keys of a harpfichord, turning the fpindle with the foot, 
and with a fppnge wetting the glades now and then with 
clean w'ater. The fingers fhould be firft foaked in wa¬ 
ter; and rubbed occafionally with fine chalk, to make 
them adhere to 1 the glafs, and bring out the tone more 
clearly.- Different parts may be played together by ufiiirg 
both hands ; and the tones are beft drawn out when the 
glaffes turn from, the ends of the ‘fingers, _not when 
they turn to them. The advantages of this inftrument, 
fays Dr. Franklin, are, that its tones are incomparably 
fweet, and may be fwelled and foftened at pleafure, by 
ftronger or weaker preffures of the finger; and continued 
to any length : and when it is once well tuned, it never 
again wants tuning.—An inftrument in fome refpeffts 
fimilar to the harmonica, was invented in 1798, by Dr. 
Chiadni, of Wittenberg, and called the Euphon ; for 
an account of which, fee vol. Vii. p. 72. 
HARMON'ICS, f. That part of nnific which treats 
©f the differences and proportions of founds. A word 
tifed by muficians to denote thofe foft founds produced 
on the violin by a peculiar mode of fingering near the 
bridge ; otherwife called flute-notes. 
H ARMONIDES, a Trojan beloved by Minerva. He 
built the (hips in which Paris carried away Helen. Homer. 
HARMO'NIOUS, adj. [ harmonieux , Fr. from harmony.] 
Adapted to each other; having the parts proportioned 
to each other ; fymmetrical : 
All the wide-extended fky, 
And all the harmonious worlds on high. 
And Virgil'sTacred work, fliall dye. Cowley. 
Having founds concordant to each other; mufical; fym- 
phonious.—The verfe of Chaucer is not harmonious to 
us: they who lived with him thought it mufical. Dryden. 
Thoughts that voluntary move 
Harmonious numbers. Milton. 
HARMO'NIOUSLY, adv. With juft adaptation and 
proportion of parts to each other : 
Not chaos-like, together crufh’d and bruis’d j 
’But.as the world, harmonioufly confus’d : 
Where order in variety we fee, 
And where, though all things differ, they agree. Pope. 
MuficJilly ; with concord.of founds.—If we look upon 
the world as a mufical inftrument, well-tuned and kar- 
tnonioufly ftruck, we ought not to worfhip the inftrument, 
but him that makes the mafic. Stillingfleet. 
HARM.O'NIOUSNESS, f. Proportion.; mufioalnefs. 
HAR'MQNIST, f. A writer who has fiiovv.n.the har¬ 
mony of the four gofpelsg. Qne (killed in harmony, Scott . 
H A R 
To HAR'MONIZE, : ».'fl. To adjuft in fit proportions; 
to make mufical : 
Love firft invented verfe, and form’d the rhime, 
The motion meafur’d, harmoniz'd the chime. Prior / 
To HAR'MONIZE, v.'n. To agree; to make mufic. 
HARMONISING, / The ad‘of adapting to each 
other ; chiefly ufed of the parts in a piece of mufic. 
HAR'MONY,y. [a^o'rnx, Gr. harmonie, Fr. ] The 
juft adaptation of one part to another.—Sure infinite 
Wifdom muftaccoinplifli all its works with confummate 
harmony, proportion, and regularity. Cheyne. 
The harmony of things, 
As well as that of founds, from difcord fprings. Denham. 
Juft proportion of found ; mufical concord.— Harmony is a 
compound idea, made up of different founds united. Watts. 
The found 
Symphonious of ten thoufand harps, that tun’d 
Angelic harmonies. Milton » 
Concord; correfpondent fentiment: 
I no fooner in my heart divin’d, 
My heart, which by a fecret harmony 
Still moves with thine, join’d in connexion fweet! Milton. 
In the fcience of mufic, the words concord and harmony 
fignify the fame thing; though-cuftom has made a little 
difference between them. Concord is'the agreeable'effeft 
of two founds in copfonance ; and-harmony the effeft of 
any greater number of agreeable founds in confonance. 
Again, harmony always implies confonance ; but con¬ 
cord is alfo applied to founds in fucceflion ; though ne¬ 
ver but where the terms can (land agreeably in confo¬ 
nance. The effeft of an agreeable fucceflion of feveral 
founds is called melody, as that of an agreeable confo¬ 
nance is called harmony. The ancients feem to have been 
entirely unacquainted with harmony, the foul of the 
modern mufic.. In all their explications of the melopoeia, 
they fay not one word.of the concert or harmony of parts. 
We have inftances, indeed, of their joining feveral voices, 
or inftruments, in confonance; but then thefe were not 
fo joined, as that each had a diftinft and proper melody, 
fo making a fucceflion of various concords; but they 
were either unifons, or oftaves, in every note ; and all 
performed the fame individual melody, and conftituted 
one fong. When the parts differ, not in the tenfion of 
the whole, but in the different relations of the fucceflive 
notes, it is this that coriff itutes the modern art of har¬ 
mony. See the article Music. 
Harmony of the Spheres, that concord which the 
heavenly bodies produce upon one another, a fling at pro¬ 
per intervals. Kepler wrote a large work on the harmo¬ 
nies of the world, and particularly on that of the celef- 
tial bodies. He firft endeavoured to find out fome rela¬ 
tion between the dimenfions of the five , regular folids 
and the intervals of the planetary fpheres ; and imagining 
that a cube, inferibed in the Jphere of Saturn, would 
toucii by its fix planes the fphere of Jupiter, and that 
the other four regular folids in like manner fitted the in¬ 
tervals that are between the fpheres of the other planets, 
he became perfuaded that this was the true reafon whjr 
the primary planets were precifely fix in number, and 
that the great Author of the world had determined their 
diftances from the fun, the centre of the fyftem, from a 
regard to this analogy. But afterwards finding that the 
difpofition of the fiveregular folids amongft the planet¬ 
ary fpheres was not agreeable to the intervals between 
their orbits, he endeavoured to difeover other Ichemes 
of harmony. For this purpofe he compared the motions 
of the fame planet at its greateft and leaft diftances, and 
of the different planets in their feveral orbits, as they 
would appear viewed from the fun ; and here he fancied 
that he found a fimilitude to the divilions.of the oftave 
' in mufic,. Laftly, he imagined that if lines were drawn 
from the earth to each of the planets, and the planets 
appended to them, or ftretched by weights proportional' 
