■ H A R 
H A R 
243 
luftrated It before the college, by reafons and arguments 
grounded upon ocular demonftration, arid defended it 
from the objections of the molt fkilful' anaton jlls. This 
difeovery was of fuch vaft importance to the whole 
art of phvfic, that as foon as men were fatisfied, which 
they were in a few years, that it could not be con- 
tefled, feveral envious foreign phyficlogifts put in for 
the prize themfelves; and affirmed the difeovery to 
. be due to others, unwilling that Harvey and England 
thould run away with all the glory. Some alferted, 
that father Paul was the firft difeoverer of the circula¬ 
tion; but, being top much fufpefted for heterodoxies 
already, durft not make it public, for.fear of the inqui- 
fition. Honoratus Faber profefi'ed himfelf to be the 
author of that opinion; and Vander Linden, who pub- 
lirtied an edition of Hippocrates, about the middle of 
the feventeenth century, took a great deal of pains to 
prove, that this father of phyfic knew the circulation 
of the blood, and that Harvey only revived it ; but the 
honour of the difeovery has been fufficiently afierted and 
confirmed to Harvey. The true ftate of the cafe appears 
to be, according to Haller, that the letter circulation, 
through the lungs, was previdflfly known to feveral ; 
that of the greater, there are. flight notices in the 
works of Caefalpinus.; but no one before Harvey had 
demonftrated the truth by convincing experiments and 
reafonings, and hence the general opinion on this part 
, -of the animal economy remained as erroneous as before, 
till this fortunate inveftigation of Harvey. .Though he 
himfelf attributed his firft glimpfe of the truth to the 
view of the yalves of the veins as exhibited by his great 
matter Fabrieius, yet that celebrated anatomift had not 
drawn any fuch inference from his own difeoveries. 
In 163a, Dr. Harvey was made phyfician to Charles I. 
. as he had been before to king Janies; and, adhering to 
the royal caufe upon the breaking out of the civil wars, 
attended his majefty at the battle of Edge-hill ; and 
went from thence to Oxford ; where, in 1641, he was 
incorporated doftor of phyfic in that univerlity, as he 
had before been at Cambridge and Padua. In 1645, the 
king got him elefted warden of Merton-college; but, 
upon the furrender of Oxford the year after to the par¬ 
liament, he left that office and retired to London. In 
1651, he publiftied his book, intituled, Exercitattones de 
generatione animalium ; quibus accedunt quadam de partu, de 
membranis ac hiimoribus uteri, (3 de conception/;. This is a 
curious and valuable work in animal phyfiology, and 
would certainly have been more fo, but for the misfor¬ 
tune by which lii-s papers perifhed during the time of 
the civil war. For, although he had both leave and an 
exprefs order from the parliament to attend his majefty 
upon his leaving Whitehall, yet his houfe in London 
was, during his abfence, plundered ofall the furniture ; 
and his Adverfaria, with a great number of anatomical 
obfervations, relating efpecially to the generation of in¬ 
fects, were taken away by the lavage,hands of the rude 
invader. In 1654, he was elected prelident of the col¬ 
lege of phyficians in his abfence ; and, coming thither 
the day after, he acknowledged his great obligation to 
the electors; for chufing him into a place of the fame 
honour and dignity, as if he had been elected to be 
Medicorum omnium apud Anglos princeps. But his age and 
weaknefs were lo great, that he could not difeharge the 
duty incumbent upon that great office ; and, therefore, 
he requefted them to chufe Dr. Prujean, who had de- 
ferved fo well of the college. As he had no children, 
he made the college his heirs, and fettled his paternal 
eftate upon them in July.following. He had three years 
before built them a combination-room, a library,'and a 
muteum; and, in 1656, he brought the deeds of his 
eftate,. and prefented them to the college. He was then 
prefent at the firft featt, inftituted by himfelf to be con¬ 
tinued annually, together with a commemoration-fpeech 
in Latin, to be fpoken on the 18th of Odtober, in honour 
of the benefa&ors to tlie college ; having appointed a 
handfome ftipend for the orator, and alfo for tlie, keeper 
of the library and mufeitmj Which are ftill called by his 
name. His generofity was rewarded.' by his brethren of 
the college in a very honourable manner, by a vote that 
his marble hurt ttiould be placed in their hall, with a 
fuitable infeription recording his difeoveries. The old 
age of Harvey was grievoufiy afflicted with infirmities* 
and ’efpecially with frequent attacks of the gout, which 
were fo excruciating as almr,ft to overcome his patience, 
and to ruffle his temper. He lived, however, to com¬ 
plete iris’,eightieth year, and expired on June 3,-1658s 
with a tranquillity and felf-pofleffion which feem fuffi- 
ciently to refute the calumny that he fliortened.his days 
by a poifonous drug. His remains were attended to fome 
diftance from the city by all the fellows of the college 
in their Way to Herripfted in Hertfordfiiire, where they 
were interred. He wrote in a remarkably perfpicuaus 
Latin ftyle, which is flowingiand even eloquent where 
the fubjedt allows of ornament. Of his remaining writ¬ 
ings there have been printed only an account of the dif- 
fection of Thomas Parr, famous for his longevity ; and 
fome epiftles to foreign phyficians. He had either plan¬ 
ned ^or written fome others, which were loft i,n the plun- 1 
der of his houfe. The editions of his treatife.s on the 
circulation of the blood, and on generation, are very nu¬ 
merous. The London college of phyficians honoured 
iris memory by publiftring a fplendid edition of all his 
works in quarto, 1766, to which a Latin life of the au. 
thor was prefixed, elegantly written by Dr.'Laurence. 
H AR'VEY’s I'SLAND, an ifland in the Southern 
Pacific Ocean, compofed of three or four fmall iflands, 
united together by rocks covered by the fea, the whole 
about twenty miles in circumference, difeovered' by 
captain Cook in 1773. Lat. 19. 18. S. Ion. 158. 48. W. 
Greenwich. 
HA'RUM, [Hebrew.] A man’s name'.' 
HA'RUMAPH, [Hebrew.] A man’s name. 
HA'RUM SCA'RUM, adj. Precipitate; wild ; giddy. 
A vulgar word. 
HAJRUN, a town of Perfia, in the province of Se- 
geftan : five leagues fouth-weft of Zareng. 
FIA'RUN, or Haroun al Rashid, kali.ph of BagL* 
dad, was the fecondTon of the kaliph Mahadi or Mohdi. 
In early youth he acquired military renown in the'com¬ 
mand of an expedition fent by his father againft the 
Greek emprefs Irene, in which he laid wafte feveral of 
the Afiatic provinces of the empire, fpread an alarm to 
Conftantinople itfelf, and compelled the emprefs to pur- 
chafe peace by a tribute. After’ the fiiort reign of his 
elder brother Hadi, he fucceeded to the kaliphute 
A. D. 786, being then about twenty-four years of age. 
He was the mo'ft potent, and vigorous monarch of his 
race, and ruled over .territories extending from Egypt 
to Khorafan. The name of al Rajhid, the Righteous, or 
JuJlj was conferred upon him as an illuftrious example 
of that virtue ; but his juftice, like that of mod defpots, 
was fullied by occalional atts of violence and caprice. 
For his' hiftory and exploits fee the article Bagdad, 
vol. ii. p.613. 
HA'RUPHITE, [Hebrew.] One of a people, x Chroru 
xii. 5. 
HARUS'PEX, a foothfayer at Rome, who drew omens 
by confulting the entrails of beafts that were facrificed. 
He received the name of Arufpex, ab arts afpiciendis ; and 
that of Extifpex, ab extis infpiciendis. Tlie order of Aruf- 
pices was firft eftablilhed at Rome by Romulus, and the 
firft Arufpices were Tufcans by origin, as they were 
particularly famous in that branch of divination. They 
had received all their knowledge-from a boy named 
Tages, who, as was commonly reported, fprung from a 
clod of earth. They were originally three, but the Ro¬ 
man fenate yearly fent fix noble youths, or, according 
to others, twelve, to Hetruria, to be inftracted in all 
the mytteries of the art. The office of the Arufpices 
confifted in obferving thefe four particulars; the beaft 
