HAW 
HAW 
cartie Hawkers, Pedlars, and Petty Chapmen, 
who travel front place to place with goods and mer¬ 
chandize, and are under the control of commillioners 
who are to licence them for that purpofe by direction 
of flats. 8 and 9 Will. III. c. 25. 29 Geo. JII. c. 26. 
Traders in the linen and woollen manufactures, fending 
their goods to markets and fairs, and felling them by 
wholefale ; makers of goods, felling thofe of their own 
making; and makers and fellers of Englifh bone-lace, 
going from houfe to houfe, &c. are excepted out of the 
acts, and are not to be taken as hawkers. Stats 3 and 4 
Ann. c. 4. 4 Geo. I. c. 6. 29 Geo. III. c. 26. 
Hawkers of nevvlpapers, pamphlets, See. are exprefsly 
excepted in the flat tire's from the provifions and regula¬ 
tions applied to other hawkers. The flat. 29 Geo. III. 
c. 26, directs that hawkers, pedlars, &c. fhall pay a 
duty of four pounds a-year for a licence for themfelves, 
and four pounds more for every bead employed by them. 
Before obtaining this licence each of them is to produce 
a certificate, figned by a clergyman and two reputable 
inhabitants in his place of refidence, of’ his good beha¬ 
viour. Selling one parcel of filk hankcrchiefs, fhall not 
make a man a hawker pr pedlar. Burr. 609. The faid 
flat. 29 Geo. III. c. 26, alfo provides, that fuch haw¬ 
kers fhall not fell their things by auftion ; that the 
words licenced hawker fhall be marked on all packs, boxes,* 
waggons, fhops, and handbills, ufed by fuch hawkers, 
on penalty of ten pounds ; a like penalty is impofed on 
unlicenced hawkers fo markingalieir packs, &c. Haw¬ 
kers felling fmuggled goods fhall forfeit their licence, 
and be incapable of having another granted them. The 
flat. 7 Geo. III. c. 43, prohibiting hawkers to carry fo¬ 
reign cambric or lawn is repealed by flat. 27 Geo. Ill, 
c. 13. 
Trading as a hawke'r without a licence, or refilling 
to fhow it, incurs a penalty of twelve pounds, half to 
the informer, and half to the poor; or on non-payment 
to fuffer as a vagrant. Stats 9 and 10 Will. III. c. 27. 3 
and 4 Ann. c. 4. Under flat. 29 Geo. III. c. 26, the pe¬ 
nalty is ten pounds, half to the king and half to the in¬ 
former. Hawkers refufing to produce their licences, or 
lending or borrowing licences, to forfeit ten pounds. 
And they may be detained till they produce their li¬ 
cences. Stat. 29 Geo. III. c. 26. Counterfeiting licences, 
fifty pounds. Stat. 9 and 10 Will. III. c. 27. Now one 
■hundred pounds. Stat. 25 Geo. III. c. 78. If hawkers and 
pedlars offer any tea or fpiruitous liquors to fale, though 
they have permits, the fame may be feized as forfeited. 
Stat. 9 Geo. II. c. 35. 
• Every conflable, &c. refilling to affifl in the execu¬ 
tion of this aft, fhall, on convict ion by the oath of one or 
more credible witnefs or witneffes before a juflice of the 
peace, forfeit ten pounds for each offence. The claufes 
reflrifting hawkers from felling in market-towns, except 
on a fair or market-day, is repealed by 33 Geo. 1 II. c. 91. 
Hawkers, See. who were licenced on or fince May 1, 
1789, may fet up, occupy, ufe, or exercife, any craft, 
myftery, or occupation, in the place where they are re- 
fident inhabitants, though not brought up thereto by 
apprenticefhip, and may employ therein perfons who 
have not been apprentices, notwithflanding the aft of 
5 Eliz. and, if they fhall be profecuted, may plead the 
general ifTue. 
Nothing in this aft fhall extend to prohibit any per¬ 
fons from felling any printed papers, licenfed by autho¬ 
rity, or any fifh, fruits, or viftuals, nor to hinder any 
perfons who are the real workers or makers of any goods, 
wares, or manufactures, of Great Britain, or his, her, or 
their, children, apprentices, agents, or fervants, from 
carrying abroad, expofing to fale, and felling by retail 
or otherwife, any of the laid goods, wares, or manufac¬ 
tures, in any mart, market, or fair, and in every city, 
borough, town-corporate, and market-town ; nor any 
tinkers, coopers, glaziers, plumbers, harnefs-menders, 
or other perfons ufually trading in mending kettles, 
263 
tubs, houfehold goods, or harnefs whntfoever, from go¬ 
ing about and carrying with him or them proper mate¬ 
rials for mending the fame. No wholefale dealer in 
Britiftf goods, felling by wholefale only from houfe to 
houfe, to be deemed a hawker. 
HAW'KESBURY, a river of New Holland, fo named 
by governor Phillip, which is from three hundred: to 
eight hundred feet w ide, and difembogues into Broken 
Bay, near Port Jackfon, in New South Wales. It is 
found navigable for the largeft merchant fhips as far as 
a lofty eminence named Richmond Hill, which is called 
the head of the river, where it divides into two branches, 
each of which becomes fhallow and narrow, lofing them¬ 
felves in the woodlands above : three leagues north from 
Botany Bay. 
HAW'KESHEAD, a confiderable market-town, at 
the mod northern extremity of the county of Laneafter, 
where it projects far between the counties of Weftmore- 
land and Cumberland, in the diltrift of Furnefs Fells, 
called by father Weft, the hiftorian of the county, the 
Appendix of Lancaftiire. It is pleafantly fituated near 
the head of the lake of Eftwaite, a charming piece of 
water, about two miles in length, and of a great variety 
of breadth, being deeply indented in feveral parts by 
bold promontories, ami high-fwelling peninfulas (in high 
floods completely infulated,) beautifully fringed with 
wood, and crowned with fheep or waving corn. 
The vale in which Hawkelhead Hands lies exaftly 
between the celebrated lakes of Windermere and Conif- 
tone, and runs, as they do, nearly north and fouth, but 
lies higher than either of them, and is remarkably 
healthy. The weft fide of it, which rifes gently from 
the lake, has probably a Angularity of charafter, fcarcely 
any where to be equalled ; being entirely broken, from 
top to bottom, into fmooth round-topped hills, which 
have a remakable foftnefs of appearance. This peculi¬ 
arity of form, together with the hedge-rows interfefting 
them in various direftions, and feveral groups of wood, 
in different petitions upon all of them, imprefs upon 
that fide of the vale a moil chaVafteriftic effeft, and form 
fome of the.moft delicious and flickered fituations for 
houfes that can well be imagined. Though the town 
has no ftaple-manufacture or trade immediately within 
itfelf, yet many local circumftances concur to render it 
a very confiderable market. Furnefs Fells, of which 
Hawkelhead is the principal town, is a very woody traft, 
bounded towards the north by the ftupendous Fells of 
Coniftone and Langdale. Thefe woods are chiefly char¬ 
red for the ufe of the furnaces and forges in the neigh¬ 
bourhood, of which there t&e a confiderable number; 
iron ore being to be raifcd, in the contiguous diftrift of 
Low Furnefs, in any quantity that may be required. 
The mountains to the north, though fo unpromifing 
in appearance, are no lefs produftive of induftry and la¬ 
bour, and create and nourifti perhaps no lefs trade than 
the woodlands. From their bowels are drawn flate and 
copper, and over their rugged fides and towering heads 
browfe innumerable quantities of excellent fheep, w'hofe 
annual produce of wool is all wrought up in the coun¬ 
try, and employs, amongft others, all the female part of 
the families engaged in the quarries and mines. Of all 
this labour, independent of what is employed in agri¬ 
culture, Hawkelhead is as it were the centre, where all 
the bufinefs, in each branch of it, is chiefly tranfafted ; 
and the market, where its produce is difpofed of; and 
where the labourers procure, in return, all their work¬ 
ing utenfils, furniture, apparel, and other neceflaries of 
life. The (late-quarries are the mofl confiderable in the*, 
kingdom; and, from the increafed and increafing de¬ 
mand for that article, are now worked with uncommon 
alacrity and fpirit. Several floops are conftantly em¬ 
ployed in the carriage of it from Pennybridge (a fmall 
fea-port, two miles below the foot of Coniftone water) 
to almoft every principal fea-port in-England and Ire¬ 
land, whence it is forwarded into the inland countries 
by 
