H A W 
264 . HAW 
by the canals; and, from the finenefs and lightnefsof 
its quality, it is in many places conveyed a great way 
by land-carriage. Lately, it has begun to be (hipped 
for the Weft Indies. 
Here is a very good free grammar-fchool, founded in 
i585, by Edwin Sandys arclibifhop of York, a native of 
this place. It confifts at prefent of above one hundred 
boys, and is defervedly in diftinguifhed repute amongft 
the fchools in the north, under the aufpices of three 
claftical teachers. The market is held on Mondays; 
and the fairs eftabliftied by charter from James I. are on 
Eafter-Monday, the Monday next before Afcenfion-day, 
Whit-Monday, and the 2d of October. The tolls, 
granted to the town to .be taken at thefe fairs, have for 
their encouragement been a long time 'difcontinued. 
Hawkefliead is diftant from Kendal by the ferry ai Win¬ 
dermere (where carriages of all kinds are taken over 
with the greateft convenience and difpatch) thirteen 
miles fouth-eaft ; from Lancafter, by Cartmel, overland, 
thirty miles fouth ; from Ulverfton, fifteen miles foilthr 
weft; from Penrith twenty-nine miles north-eaft ; and 
from London 273 miles north. 
HAW'KESWORTH (John), an ingenious writer, born 
•in 1715, or, according to others, in 1719. His parents 
were diffenters in humble life. By great induftry and 
application he fitted himfelf for the profetlion of a man 
of letters ; and in 1744, he became Dr. Johtifon’s fuc- 
ceftor in the office of compiler-of the parliamentary de¬ 
bates for the Gentleman’s Magazine. In 1752, he be¬ 
gan to publift) a fet of periodical papers under the title 
of The Adventurer, which were continued to the one 
hundred and fortieth number, arid then collefted into 
four volumes 121110. Of thefe, one half, or feventy 
numbers, were of his own compofition. He had for his 
coadjutors Johnfon, Bathurft, and Warton, and there 
■were a few other occational contributors. The Adven¬ 
turer was favourably received by the public, and me-' 
rited its fuccefs by the purity of its morals, the eleganpe 
of its critical dif quilitions, and the acquaintance it dif- 
played with life and manners. Arclibifhop Herring lo 
much approved the moral and religious tenor of thefe 
papers, that lie conferred upon Hawkefworth the degree 
of doctor of civil law. This acquifition of dignity, how¬ 
ever, lo-ft Dr. Hawkefworth the friendlhip of Johnfon, 
(who had not then obtained a fimilar honour,) and they 
appear never again to have affociated together. That 
Hawkefworth was elevated by this new title, appears 
from the intention with which it inlpired him of alfum- 
•ing the profefiion of a civilian, and praftlfing in the ec- 
cleliaftical courts; but after home preparatory (Indies, 
the oppofition he met with obliged him to delift from 
his purpofe. In 1756, at the delire of Garrick, he al¬ 
tered for the ftage Dryden’s comedy of Amphytrion. 
His oratorio of Zimri, performed at Covent-garden in 
1760, difplayed likewife no mean talents for poetical 
compofition; and his Edgar and Emmeline, called a 
Fairy Tale, brought out at Drury-lane in 1761, was 
deemed a very elegant fancy-piece. In the fame year 
he pubhlhed Aimoran and Ham.et, 2 vols. i2tno. which 
pofleffes conliderable merit as a romance of the ferious 
and dignified clafs. He was the editor about this time 
of a collection of the works of dean Sw ift, to which be 
prefixed a life of that celebrated per Ion. In 1766, he 
was the editor of three volumes of Letters of Dr. Swift 
and feveral of his Friends, publifiied from the Originals, 
with Notes explanatory- and hiftorical. A Tranllation 
of Telemachus, quarto, 1768, exhibited to great advan¬ 
tage the beauties of Hawkefworth’s ltyle, which was 
peculiarly adapted to repreferit the fentimental glow of 
the admired-original; and he was allowed to have left 
all-former tranfiators of this work far behind him. 'The 
reputation he had thus acquired as a writer, obtained 
for him, in 1772, the diltinguilhed talk of cdmpiling into 
one narrative an account of all the voyages of dilcovery 
made by command of his majefty George III. up to that 
period of his reign. This work was ppbliftted in three 
volumes quarto, magnificently adorned with charts, 
maps, &c. and comprifing the journals kept by commo¬ 
dore Byron, captains Wallis and Carteret, and lieutenant 
Cook, in their refpeftive v-oyages to the Southern herni- 
fphere and Pacific ocean. Dr. Hawkefworth received 
the munificent rew-ard of fix thoufand pounds ; and his 
execution of the tafk obtained the praife of lively and 
elegant narration, and of fidelity as to matters of fa ft ; 
which, indeed, from fuch materials, he could not have 
miffed. The honour and fame lie had acquired were 
enjoyed by him but a very fliort time ; for the year in 
which this work appeared was the laft of his life, which 
clofed on November 16, 1773, at Bromley. He was a 
man of irritable pafiions and exquifite fenfibility, but 
friendly, focial, and humane. His converfation is repre- 
fented as having been highly agreeable, and his manners 
to have been thofe of the fcholar and the gentleman. 
HAWK'ING, / The art or fport of taking wild-fowl 
or game by means of hawks. The method of reclaiming, 
manning, and trainings hawk to this exercife, is called 
falconry ; for which lee the article Falconry, vol. vii. 
p. 197, and the correfponde'nt Engraving.—The effort 
to bring up phlegm from the throat. The praftice of 
offering, goods to fale from place to place. 
HAW'KINS (fir John), an eminent feaman, the fon 
of captain William Hawkins, born at Plymouth, in 1520. 
He patted his youth'in feveral voyages to Spain, Portu¬ 
gal, and Nrie Canary Iflands, by which, he acquired a 
fund of knowledge both maritime and commercial. In 
1562, his enlarged views of trade ifuggefted to him a 
plan, which has been called the commencement, of the 
Guinea flave-trade by England.. In that year, by the af- 
fiffance of fotne merchants lie .fitted out a final 1 [qua- 
dron, with which he failed to the coaft of Guinea, where 
having obtained a cargo of three hundred negroes, he 
carried them to Hifpaniola, and there difpofed of th.etn 
in a contraband traffic. This lnccels induced him to re¬ 
peat tiie voyage in 1564 wttii a larger force ; and not- 
withftanding Come lofs of men in kidnapping on the coaft, 
he is laid to have made a very profitable expedition. 
And whatever may now be thought of the. morality 
of thefe exploits, they feem, in queen Elizabeth’s time, 
to have had the reputation of honour and heroifm ; and he 
bore their badge in a creft of amts granted to him by pa¬ 
tent, confiltiug of a “ deinv-ntlior m his proper colour, - 
bound with a cord”—a juft fynibol of the trade lie had 
opened to his country L tic was excited by lus country 
to a third expedition, which took' place in 1.367, with 
two (hips of queen Elizabeth’s own, and four belonging 
to private aaventurers. After having procured five 
hundred negroes, he failed to.Spanilh America; and the 
governor of Rio de la Hacha refufihg to trade with him, 
lie landed and took the town, but apparently by collu- 
fiqn, fince a friendly commerce took place between the 
Englifh and Spaniards. It is to be oblerved, that at 
this time no open war fubfifted between the two nations; 
‘but the Englifh claimed a tight of free trade, in virtue 
of their treaties with Charles V. which the Spaniards 
■refilled to admit. Hawkins difpofed of the remainder 
of his (laves at Carthagena, and on his return was dtiven 
by ftreis of weather into the harbour of Sr. Juan de Ul- 
loa in tiie bay of Mexico. He entered without ufking 
leave, and it is mentioned as an inftance of his forbear¬ 
ance, that lie did not fedze twelve rich merchantmen in 
the port, but contented himfelf with taking hoftages 
for a lupply of neceffaries. Meantime a.Spanifh fleet 
came in fight, which, after fbrne negotiations, was buf¬ 
fered by Hawkins to enter the harbour without oppofi¬ 
tion. The viceroy, who was on-board, gave the Eng¬ 
lish affurances of friendship, nil he had made prepara¬ 
tions for a general attack upon them, in file action, 
not with (landing the brave exertions of Hawkinsand his 
men, fuch was their inferiority of.forice, that only one 
(hip and a bark efcaped of the whole fquadron, and all 
