H A W 
the Englifh who had landed were put to the fword. In 
his retreat, commodore Hawkins was obliged, for want 
of provifions, to put on-fliore, at a creek in the bay, half 
of his remaining crew. With the reft, after undergoing 
great hardffiips, he reached England, in January 1568. 
This ill-fu'ccefs damped his ardour for maritime enter- 
prife, which lie refigned to his kinfman, the renowned 
fir Francis Drake. He afterwards ferved his country in 
the office of treafurer of the navy, to which he was ap¬ 
pointed in 1573. In 1588, when all the force of the na¬ 
tion was called forth to oppofe the Spaniffi armada, he 
ferved as rear-admiral on-board the Vidtory. For his 
conduit on this great occafion he received the honour 
of knighthood, and the commendations of the queen. 
In 1590 he had the command of a fquadroil which, in 
conjunition with that under fir Martin Frobiffier, was 
lent to blockade the courts of Spain, and intercept the 
plate-fleet. They failed in their attempt upon theifiand 
of Fayal; yet their cruife proved very diftreffing to the 
Spaniffi commerce, and maintained the Engliffi fuperio- • 
rity at fea. The concluding fervice of fir John Haw. 
kins was in 1595, when, in confequence of the propofal 
of himfelf and fir Francis Drake to attack the enemy in 
the Wert Indies, he was appointed to the command of a 
fquadron of men-of-war, which joined a larger number 
of private ftiips under Drake. The two commanders 
unfortunately differed in opinion, and Hawkins was 
obliged to give way. Hence their attempt on the Ca¬ 
naries proved unfuccefsful; and the time loft there, and 
afterwards at Dominica, rendered the fuccefs of the re¬ 
maining project, of carrying off a regifter-lhip from 
Porto Rico, fo little probable, that Hawkins fell ill 
through vexation, and, died on November 21, 1595, juft 
as they arrived in fight of the latter ifland. He was the 
founder of an hofpital at Chatham for poor and difeafed' 
Tailors, which has proved a lading monument to Iris 
memory.—See the article Chatham, vol. iv.'p. 126. 
HAW'KINS (fir Richard), Ton of the preceding, was 
bred by his father to a maritime life ; and in 1582, had 
the command of a veflel in an expedition to the Weft 
Indies under his uncle, captain William Hawkins. He 
commanded the queen’s ffiip the Swallow in the adfion, 
with the Spaniffi armada, and di.ftinguiffied himfelf on 
the occafion. He afterwards cruifed with his father and 
Frobiffier On the Spaniffi coaft j and, upon his return, en¬ 
gaged in the bold defign of a voyage to the South Sea. 
Upon this expedition he failed in June 1593, with three 
vefl’els of his own, and proceeded to the coaft of Brazil. 
He burned one of his fmaller veffels, and was defected 
by the other; fo that he failed through the ftraits of 
Magellan alone. He coafted along the weftern fide of- 
South America, where he was attacked by a Spaniffi 
fquadron, to which, after a gallant refiftance, he was 
obliged to ftrike. After a confinement of upwards of 
two years hi Peru and the adjacent provinces, lie was 
liberated. Nothing is known concerning him after his 
return to England, till his death in 1622, which happen¬ 
ed from an apoplectic fit, while attending the privy- 
council. At this time he had in the prefsawork, which 
foon after appeared, under the title of, The Obferva- 
tioris of Sir Richard Hawkins, Knight, in his Voyage to 
the South Sea, A. D. 1593, folio, London, 1622. 
HAW'KINS (fir John), a celebrious writer, born in 
1719, in London, where his father followed the profef- 
lion of an architect. He was educated with a view of 
adopting the fame profeffion; but the defign was changed 
for that of the law, and lie was placed under an attor¬ 
ney. As his official employment was chiefly confined 
to copying, he endeavoured by early riling to acquire 
mental improvement; and fuch was his afliduity, that 
at the expiration of his clerkffiip, he had obtained a fund 
of legal knowledge, together with a confiderable ac¬ 
quaintance with polite literature. In due time, he was 
admitted an attorney ; and he became a member of the 
Academy of Ancient Mufic. As he alfo poffelled a po- 
Vol. IX. No. 583.. 
HAW 2f>5 
etical talent, which he had exercifed in periodical pub¬ 
lications, he wrote, in 1742, the words of two fets of can¬ 
tatas, the mufic to which was furniffied by Mr. Stanley, 
and which were publiffied and well received. He thus 
attained a degree of celebrity which introduced him to 
the world, and forwarded his profeffiona’l fuccefs. In 
1749 he had the honour of being invited to become a 
member of a club inftituted by Dr. Johnfon, then only 
riling into literary fame ; and the conne&ion thus form¬ 
ed between them was diffolved only by death. By his 
marriage, in 1753, with a daughter of Peter Storer, efq. 
he obtained a handfome fortune, which was greatly aug¬ 
mented on the death of her brother in 1759. Upon that 
event he quitted the profeffion of an attorney, and was_ 
put into the comnjiffion of the peace for the county 0/ 
Middlefex, and became a very judicious and adtive ma- 
giftrate. On the eftabliftiment of the celebrated fociety 
called the Literary Club, in 1763, he, with Dr. Johnfon 
and fir Joffiua Reynolds, was among the firft members. 
He' obtained merited applaufe by a publication of Ob- 
fervations on the Highways, with the draught of a bill 
for their repair, which has ferved as the model of all 
the a£ts fince parted for that purpofe. In 1765 his re¬ 
putation in his inagifterial office caufed hint to be chofen 
chairman to the quarter feffions ; and in 1772 he received 
the honour of knighthood. He contributed fome notes 
(figned with his initials) to the edition of Shakefpeare 
by Johnfon and Steevens, printed in 1773 and in 1778. 
His greateft literary labour appeared in 1776 ; which is, 
his General Hiftory of the Science and Practice of Mu¬ 
fic, in 5 vols. 4to. dedicated to his majefty : a work 
which will probably retain the character of abounding 
in curious and original information, and ferving as a re- 
pofitory of things not elfewhere to be met with, when 
other books of a'Timilar cart are loft and forgotten. • 
Dr. Johnfon fo highly refpedted the knowledge and 
integrity of fir John Hawkins, that w hen attacked by 
his laft illnefs, he requelted him to accept the office of 
his executor. Sir John aflifted in making his will ; and 
after his death, undertook 19 write hisJife, and publiffi 
his works colleftively. A fire which unfortunately de- 
ftroyed his valuable library, gave an interruption to his, 
literary occupations, but without difturbing his equa¬ 
nimity of mind ; and in 1787, his Life and Works of Dr. 
Johnfon, in n vols. 8vo. made its appearance. The 
Life, which occupies one large volume, will ever be re¬ 
garded by thofe who with to form an impartial judg¬ 
ment of Dr. Johnfon’s charafter ; yet the ftyle of this, 
as of fir John’s other writings, is rather dry and unani¬ 
mated. It was the laft effort of his genius, and which 
he did not long furvive. He died by a ftroke of apo¬ 
plexy, on the 21ft of May, 1789. 
HAW'KINS, a county of the American States, in 
Waftiington diftrift, Teneffee, having by the cenfus 6970 
inhabitants. Chief town, Rogerfville. 
HAWK'WEED, f. in botany. See Hieracium. 
HAWL'BOWLING, a fmall ifland of Irelatid, in 
Cork harbour, ten miles below Cork. 
HAW'LEY, a townffiip of the. American States, in 
Hampfliire county, Maffachufetts, 120 miles wefterly of. 
Bofton. Previous to its incorporation in 1792, it was 
called Plantation No. 7, and had 539 inhabitants.- It is 
compofed of parts of feveral adjoining towns, and is 
fituated about twenty miles north-weft of Northampton. 
HAWMS, or Hames,/! The crooked timbers round 
a horfe’s collar. 
HAWS-WATER, a lake in Weftmoreland, fouth of 
Penrith, three miles long, and half a mile over. It is 
almoft divided in the middle by a promontory of'inclo- 
fures, fo that it confifts of two beautiful ffieets of water. 
HAWSE, f. The fpace between the cables of a fliip 
when flie is moored v/itli two anchors; a round hole un¬ 
der the ffiip’s head. . 
HAW'SER, f. A large rope, betwixt a cable and a 
tow-line. 
3 Y HAW'THORN,. 
