H E A 
!83 
H E A 
means of the iron bar to the end of which t;he blunt 
fteel-borer was fixed ? or by the frnall neck of gun-metal 
by which the hollow cylinder was yinited to the cannon? 
Thefe fuppofitions appear more improbable even than 
either of tliofe before mentioned ; for heat was continu¬ 
ally going off, or out of the machinery, by both thefe laft 
paffages, during the whole time the experiment laded.— 
And, in reafoning on this fubjedt, we mult not forget to 
confider that molt remarkable circumftance, that the 
fource of the heat generated byYridtion in thefe experi¬ 
ments appeared evidently to be ihexHauJliblc. 
“ It is hardly neceffary to add, that any thing which 
any inflated body or fyftem of bodies can .continue to 
furnirtt without limitation, cannot poffibly be a materialfub- 
Jlance', and it appears to me to be extremely difficult, if 
not quite impoffible, to form any diftindl idea of any 
thing capable of being excited and communicated in the 
manner the heat was excited and communicated in thefe 
experiments, except it be motion.” 
Deciiive as this conclufion might appear, that heat’is 
motion, and not matter, if any fads are wanting to.eftablifti 
Mr. Le(lie’s refutation of this hypothefis, they have been 
furniffied not only by other ingenious,philofpphers, but 
by count Rumford himfeif. In the “ Memoirs of the 
Manchefter Philofophical Society,” vol. v. Mr. Henry 
combats very.ably the hypothefis that heat is motion; 
and thinks the count was not authorized in his conclu- 
fion that the water could not tranfmit caloric to the 
iron, bec'aufe it was itfelf heated. In the attempt to 
difprqve the materiality of caloric, it is abfplutely ne- 
ceflary to (hew-, that the quantity contained in the heated 
body is not diminilhed by a portion of that becoming 
uncombined, which previoufly exifted in the latent (late ; 
and confequfently the l'pecific quantities before and after 
the experiment, muff be afcertained and compared. Mr. 
Henry further obferves, that caloric podefies every pro¬ 
perty ufually attributed to matter, except that of gra¬ 
vity ; and on this point we are only warranted in affert- 
ing, that the quantity of it which can be collected and 
confined in a given fpace, is too frnall to difcover the 
operation of this principle. Add to this, that caloric 
exhibits the mod decided marks of chemical affinity; 
and to this caufe ’might fairly be attributed the effeifts 
ufually afcribed to what is called the capacity for calorie. 
Dr., Herfchell’s Experiments on the Separation of the 
Rays of Light and Caloric, given in the London “Phi- 
lofophical Tranfadt-ions ” for the year j8oo,f evidently 
fupport, Mr. Henry’s opinion refpeding the materiality 
of caloric, both by exhibiting another finking analogy 
between the properties of caloric and other matter, and 
by demonftrating that the minutenefs of the particles ot 
heat muff neceffarily prevent its gravity from being 
cognizable by our nicefi: inftruments. For, admitting 
that gravitation is effential to matter, yet there may be 
an indefinite feries of material fubftances, each a million 
of times rarer than the preceding,, of which, though the 
weight of the heaviert be imperceptible by our- nicefi 
balances, the lighted may dill be ponderable. The 
mpft delicate inftrument which we at prefent poffefs will 
icarcely enable us to detedl the weight of a fluid which is 
only a thoufand times lighter than atmofpheric air. Nor, 
in the other experiment, is it demonfirated that the heat 
which was evolved was not derived ab exlero. We have 
an inftance of the fimultaneous attraction and emiflionof 
a fubtle.fluid, the materiality of which is admitted by 
every one, in the cafe of an excited eledtric, which at 
the fame time receives the fluid from the rubber, and 
communicates it to the conductor. In count Rumford’s 
experiment, according to Mr. Leflie, the whole appa¬ 
ratus was immerfed in a great hath of caloric, the at- 
mofphere. And we muft not forget to remark, that in 
an experiment made by count Rumford himfeif, heat was 
found to be communicated through a Torricellian vacuum. Now 
it is manifefi, that in fuch a vacuum there could be no¬ 
thing either to communicate or propagate motion. Heat, 
therefore, from this conclufion, must be material. 
HEAT, part. adj. Ufed by old poets for heated : 
As a herdefle in a fummer’s day, 
Heat with the glorious fun’s all purging-ray. W. Browne. 
HE'ATER, f. An iron madejiot, and put into a box- 
iron, to fmooth and plait linen. 
HEATH, f. [erica, Lat.] A fhrub of low ftature, 
growing upon commons. For the numerous fpecies, fee 
the article Erica, vol. vi. p. 894. 
Oft with bolder wing they foaring dare 
The purple heath. Thmnfon. 
A place overgrown with heath.—Health and long life 
have been found rather on the peak of Derbyfhire, and 
the heaths of Stafford (hire, than fertile foils. Temple. —A 
place covered with (hrubs of whatever kind.—Some 
woods of oranges, and heaths of rofemary, will fmell a 
great way into the fea. Bacon. 
HEATH, f. in botany ; fee Erica. BERRIED 
HEATH; feeEMPETRUM. SEA.HEATH; fee Fran- 
KENIA. 
HEATH, a townfhip of the American States, in Hamp- 
fhire county, Maffhchufets. It was incorporated in 1785 ; 
and is 125 miles north-weft of Bofton, and'about-eigh¬ 
teen miles north-north-weft of Northampton. 
HEATH (Benjamin), a learned lawyer, and town- 
clerk of Exeter. He publifhed, in 1740, An Effay to¬ 
wards a demon'ftrative Proof" of the Divine Exiftence, 
Unity, and Attributes; to which is premifed, a fliort 
Defence of the Argument commonly called a priori. 
This is efteemed one of the beft defences of Dr. Clarke’s 
hypothefis. He employed much of his time in the ftudy 
of the Greek language ; and in 1762 publilhed Notie-five 
LcBiones, adTragicoruni Grcecorum veterum, JEfcliyli, Sophoclis, 
Euripides, qux fuperfunt Dramata, deperditorumque reliquias, 
4to. printed at the Clarendon prefs. This was conlider- 
ed by fcholars at home and abroad as a very valuable 
work in philology, and a full proof of the author’s cri¬ 
tical (kill and erudition; and led to his being made a 
dodlor of civil law, at Oxford, by diploma. In i7 6 5» 
he publifhed A Revifal of Shakefpeare’s Text, wherein 
the Alterations introduced into it by modern Editors" 
and Critics are particularly, confidered, 8vo. A pam- 
hlet which he wrote in 1763, on the excife duty on ci- 
er and perry, was publiihed by the Devonfliire com¬ 
mittee, and was ftippofed to have had a great influence- 
in procuring the repeal of that tax. 
PIE ATH-COCK, /. The male of the Tetrao tetrix. 
— Cornwall hath quail, rail, partridge, pheafant, heath- 
cock, and powte. Carew's Survey. 
HEATH-POINT, a cape of the fouth-eaft extremity 
of the ifland of Anticofti, in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. 
Lat. 49. 6. N. Ion. 62. W. Greenwich.- 
FIEATH-POUT,/.Young groiife : 
Not heath-pout, or the rarer bird 
Which Phafis or Iona yields, 
More pleafing morfels would afford 
Than the fat olives of my fields. Dryden. 
HEA'THEN, / [heyden, Germ.] The gentiles; the 
pagans; the nations unacquainted with the covenant of 
grace.—Deliver us from the heathen, that we may give 
thanks to thy holy name. 1 Chrort. xvi. 35.—If the opi¬ 
nion of others whom we think well of be a ground of 
affent, men have reafon to be heathens in Japan, maho- 
metans in Turkey, papifts in Spain, and proteftants in 
England. Locke. 
HEA'THEN, adj. Gentile ; pagan.—It was impoffible 
for a heathen author to relate thefe things, becaufe, if he 
had believed them, he would no longer have been a 
heathen. Addifon. 
HEA'THiiNISH, adj. Belonging to the gentiles.— 
When the apoftles of our Lord and Saviour were or- 
2 ‘ dained 
