254 H E- A 
dained to alter the laws of heathenifli religion, ehofen 
they were, St. Paul excepted; the reft unfchooled alto¬ 
gether, and unlettered men. Hooker. —Wild ; favage ; 
rapacious; cruel.—That execrable Cromwell, made a 
heathenijh or rather inhuman ediCt againft the epifcopal 
clergy, that they fliould neither preach, pray in public, 
baptize, marry, bury, nor teach fchool. South. 
HE A'THENISHLY,atfo. After the ntanner of heathens. 
HE A'THENISHNESS, f. The difpofition or manners 
of the heathen. 
HEA'THENISM, f. Gentilifm ; paganifm.—Let us 
acknowledge the true God, in oppofition to heathenifm. 
Hammond. 
HEA'THY, adj. Full of heath ; commons of heath. 
HEATTNG, f. The a6t of making hot. 
To HEAVE, v. a. pret .heaved, anciently hove ; part. 
heaved, or haven. To lift; to raife from the ground : 
So ftretch’d out huge in length the arch-fiend lay, 
Chain’d on the burning lake ; nor ever thence 
Had ris’n or heav'd his head, but that the will 
And high permiflion of all-ruling heaven 
Left him at large. Milton. 
To carry : 
Now we bear the king 
Tow’rd Calais : grant him there : arid there being feen, 
Heave him away, upon your winged'thoughts. 
Athwart the fea. Skakcfpeare. 
To raife ; to lift : 
I cannot heave 
My heart into my mouth. Shakefpeare. 
Save when he heav'd his fhield in my defence, 
And on his naked fide receiv’d my wound. Dryden. 
To caufe to fwell : 
The glittering finny fwarms 
That heave our friths and crowd upon our fliores. Thomfon. 
To force up from the breaft : 
The wretched animal heav'd forth fuch groans 
That tlieir difcharge did ftretch his leathern coat 
Ahrioft to burfting. Shakefpeare. 
To exalt; to elevate : 
Poor fliadow-painted queen ; 
One heav'd on high, to be hurl’d down below. Shakefpeare. 
To puff; to elate.—The Scots, heaved up into high hope 
of victory, took the Englifii for foolrfh birds fallen into 
their net., forfook their hill, and marched into the plain. 
Hayward. —To turn the capftern by means of handfpikes, 
to move the (hip forward or backward. A fea-term. 
To Heave a-head, to advance the fliip. 
To Heave down, to careen. 
To Heave out, to-unfurl a fail. 
To Heave fhort, to draw the fliip clofe to the anchor. 
To Heave taught, to tighten a rope by means of the 
capftern. 
To Heave the lead, to found. 
To HEAVE, v. n. To pant; to breathe with pain : 
He heaves for breath, which, from his lungs fupply’d, 
And fetch’d from far, diftends his lab’ring fide. Dryden. 
To labour.—The church-of England had ftruggled and 
heaved at a reformation ever fince Wickliff’s days. Atter- 
bury. —To rife with'pain ; to fwell and fall : 
Thou haft made my curdled blood run back, 
My heart heave up, my hair to rife in briftles. Dryden. 
The heaving tide 
In widen’d circles beats on either fide. Gay. 
To keck; to feel a tendency to vomit. 
HEAVE, f. Lift; exertion or effort upwards.—None 
could guefs whether the next heave of the earthquake 
would fettle them on the firft foundation, or fvvallow 
them. Dryden. —Rifing of the breaft : 
B E A 
There’s matter in tliefe fighs; thefe profound heaves 
You muft tranflate ; ’tis fit we underftand them. Skakefp. 
Effort to vomit; ftruggle to rife : 
But after many drains and heaves, 
He got up to his faddle-eaves. Hudibras. 
HE AVE-OFFERING,yi An offering among the Jews. 
—Ye (hall offer a cake of the firft of your dough for an 
heave-offering, as ye do the heave-offering of the t lire filing- 
floor. Numbers. 
HEAV'EN, f. [from the Saxon word Jjeapren, or 
jjepin, orjjeopon, orpeopn: for. all thefe variations 
of the Saxon word occur. But in whatever form we 
take the Saxon word, it is in reality the paflive participle 
of the verb Jjeapian, or Jjepan, which (ignifies to Heave, 
or Lift up, or Elevate. The pafiive participle wiil in 
Englifti be Heaven, or Heaved, or. Elevated. So, by way 
of diftinCtion and emphafis, the Saxons called the Re¬ 
gion, which is above our Earth, Se jjeapen, or J>epen, 
The Heaven, becaufe it is elevated above all things 
and places terreftrial.] 
The word, by which the Greeks expreffed what we 
call Heaven, was well adapted to the idea of the thing 
fignified. It was Ovgewos ; compofed of O^o;, the Greek 
word for a Boundary , and Ava, the Greek word for Above. 
So that Oigocvos implied, That Boundary or Limit of all things, 
which is highcjl above us. And this appellation was given 
fometimes to the Region of the Air from the Earth to the 
Clouds : and fometimes to the Region above the Clouds, called 
Etherial ; or, The Region filled wit/i Stars. For the etymo¬ 
logy.. of the word, we have the authority of Ariliotle 
himfelf, who in his book concerning “ The World,” 
exprefsly fays, “We'properly call it Ovgaroj, from its 
being the Boundary of things above." 
The Latins exprefs the. fame, either by Calmn, fpelt 
with ae, or Ccelum, fpelt with oe. Tliofe, who adopted 
the firft manner of fpeliing, derived the word from Calo, 
to “ potifii, or embols, or ftud,”-as though the “Heaven 
was emboifed, or ftudded with ftars.” Pliny conceived 
this was the etymology of the word. Ifodorus, Julius 
Lipfins, and Aldus Manutius, follow Pliny. Thofe in¬ 
terpreters, who fpell tlie word with oe, derive Ccelum 
from the Greek word Ko»Ao», which fignifies Hollow or 
Concave-, in which fenfe Virgil'took the word, in Ins ex- 
preflion Cctli Convexa, y£n. iv. 451. “The Vault of Hea¬ 
ven.” The manner of fpeliing with oe is the mod claf- 
fical, and fliould now be followed by accurate fcholars. 
Neither Greeks nor Romans appear to have ideas con¬ 
cerning Heaven, more fublime than the conception of 
its being the Region occupied alike by the Sun, Moon, 
Stars, and Conftellations, and their imaginary divinities.. 
With thofe ideas, they fpeak of Heaven, fometimes 
fabulotifly, fometimes gravely. 
One of the moll ancient among Greek poets afligns to 
Earth the production of Heaven : 
Earth firft an equal to herfelf in fame 
Brought forth, that covers all, the Starry Frame, 
The lpacious Heaven. — 
Hefiod’s Theogony. Cooked Tranflation, V. 206. 
This Heaven is fabuloufly faid to be fupported by the 
head, neck, and Ihoulders, of Atlas. Thus Ovid, in 
Met. iv. fpeaking of Atlas, has thefe words: 
--7- Et omne 
Cum tot fideribus Caelum requievit in illo .—Ver. 6(1. 
“ On him all Heaven hath refted with it's ftars.” 
Again, B. vi. 175. 
JEtherium qui fert cervicibus axem. 
“ Who bears the etherial pole upon his neck.” 
In Virgil we read, 
Apicem et latera ardva cernit 
Atlantis duri, Ccelum qui verticef licit. —FEn. iv. 247. 
•-“ who fupports Heaven with Ms head.” 
Again, 
