HELIX. 
animals on its body; and as in other animals we find 
thefe Secondary ones either living on their lurface, or 
In the inteflines, as worms, fo it is very remarkable that 
the fnail is infefled in both thefe ways. Thefe fnails are 
great deflroyers of wall-fruit. Lime and afhes fprinkled 
on the ground where they moll refort will drive them 
away, and deftroy the young brood of them: it is a 
common praftice to pull off the fruit they have-bitten; 
but this (hould never be done, for they will touch no 
other till they have wholly eaten up this if it be left for 
them ; and their inflinft is wonderful, that they know 
exactly where to return to it. 
Among the many peculiarities of thefe animals, the 
inode by which they condudt their amours is the mod 
curious and furprifing; at this feafon they make their 
approaches by difcharging feveral fmall darts at each 
other, which are of a (harp form and of a horny fub- 
ftaiice. Thefe are contained within a cavity on the right 
fide of the neck, and are launched at each other, with 
forire degree of force, at about the diflance of two 
inches, till the-quiver or refervoir is exhaufled, and 
then a reconciliation takes place, and the animals unite. 
The eggs are perfectly round, and about the fize of fmall 
peafe. Tire fhell is eight lines wide, fometimes entirely 
whitifli or various (hades of yellow, but generally va¬ 
riegated with dulky linear fpots, or blackifii fpots and 
marks. 
146. Helix perverfa: (hell fubumbilicate, ovate-ob¬ 
long, contrary, 'Sulphur. Eighteen to twenty-eight lines 
long. Shell fulphur-coloured with various marks, fome¬ 
times with a green fpot and rufous band, fometimes with 
a deep brown oblique ftreak, or white with a red fpot 
or numerous ones of a different colour; whorls fix to 
eight; lip thick. Inhabits India. 
147. Helix ianthma: (hell nearly imperforate, round- 
ifh, obtufe, diaphanous, and very brittle; aperture di¬ 
lated behind, with an emarginate lip. Shell violet, with 
a fubtriangular aperture ; the fnail when alive (hines by 
night, and (tains the hand with a violet or purple dye. 
It inhabits the feas of Europe, efpecially the Mediter¬ 
ranean; thofe of Afia and Africa; and alfo the ocean. 
Dr. Hawkefworth, in his account of Cooke’s voyage, 
mi'dakes this fnail for that which yielded the purpura of 
the ancients. 
148. Helix vivipara: (hell imperforate, ventricofe, 
fubovate, obtufe, brownifh, with dulky bands; aperture 
nearly orbicular. One inch and a half long. Shell thin, 
pellucid, glabrous, very finely ftriate longitudinally, 
when young covered with fine cryflalline bridles, gene¬ 
rally barred, with a whitifh and blueifh throat, and five 
or fix very convex whorls ; viviparous. Inhabits flag- 
nant waters of Europe. 
149. Helix hasmafioma: (hell imperforate, roundidi, 
brown, with a longitudinal white band; aperture pur¬ 
ple. One inch and a half broad, and nearly as much 
high. Shell obtufe, within white, with five round whorls, 
the fird as large again as the red, the lad reddidi. In¬ 
habits Ceylon. 
150. Helix variegata: (hell imperforate, fubovate, 
covered with a brown cuticle, under which it is barred; 
aperture white within. Shell brown, radiate with white 
and marked with yellowifli bands fpotted with white, 
or reddidi-white with four brown bands undulate with 
white, and two narrower ones fpotted with white on the 
fecond whorl. Inhabits Italy. 
151. Helix driata : (hell driate, with a fuboval aper¬ 
ture ; whorls rededted on the back. Shell pellucid, 
greenifli. Found at Sandwich : very rare and minute. 
This dividon contains alfo the following fpecies, 152— 
ito: H. dexfra, refta, inverl'a, interrupta, contraria, 
lacva, arenaria, Jamaicenfis, Rliodia, labiofa, pudica, 
gigarrtea, fafciata, didimilis, nemoralis, lucorum, gri- 
fe a, pulla, venuda, pifta, folida, aperta, verdcolor, afra, 
jmcleus, coccinea, variegata, and fulgida. 
IV. Tapering. 1S1. Helix fubcylindrica : diell im¬ 
perforate, tapering, fubcylindrical, obtufe, with fo»r 
Vox. IX. No. 588. 
329 
whorls and ovate aperture. Shell fize of a grain of rye, 
horny, pale, with a very obtufe tip; interior margin of 
the aperture refledted, Inhabits frefli water of Northern 
Europe. 
182. Helix dagnorum : (hell fubperforate and a little 
tapering, with five whorls and ovate aperture. Shell 
horny, pale, ovate-oblong, rather acute, hardly as large 
as a barley-corn, with a very minute navel and mar¬ 
gined aperture. Inhabits frefh waters. 
183. Helix oftona : (hell fubperforate, tapering, with 
eight whorls and roundidi aperture. Hardly four lines 
long. Shell glabrous, very brittle, horny, with fome¬ 
times fix whorls feparated by a very thin line, the fird 
twice as large as the next; umbilicus not viiibie. In¬ 
habits ponds of Europe and America. 
184. Helix cohimna: diell tapering, white, with a 
fulvous tip and fpotted contrary whorls; aperture ob¬ 
long. Twenty-feven lines long. Shell pellucid, of the 
Splendour and colour of alum, appearing as if radiate 
with fulvous fpots; whorls (even or eight, gibbous 
each fide, longitudinally and fpiraldy driate ; the fourth, 
fifth, and fixth, fulvous with white upper margin ; aper¬ 
ture with pellucid fpots, not margined, the interior mar¬ 
gin fulvous: much valued. 
185. Helix folliculus : (hell tapering, pellucid, gla¬ 
brous, with a (lightly-plaited pillar ; lip thin. Shell 
fize of an oat, uniformly white with five or fix round 
whorls, all of them equal; aperture ovate. Inhabits 
Barbary. 
186. Helix lanfchaurica : (hell a little tapering, very 
glabrous, chefnut-brown, with darker fpots; throat 
vvhitidi. Inhabits Coromandel, in fre(h waters. 
The following fpecies, 187-209, are alfo contained in 
this divifion: H. decollata, fcalaris, circinata, tenera, 
pella, plicaria, undnl’ata, fufcata, priapus, fepium, 
fplendidula, mitra, atra, cufpidata, crenata, .carinula, 
crocea, obtufata., and purpurea. 
V. Ovate, imperforate. 210. Helix pupa: .(hell near¬ 
ly imperforate, ovate-oblong, coarfe, with fix whorls, 
and lunate, oblong, aperture. Two-thirds of an inch 
long. Inhabits Mauritania. 
211. Helix truncatula : (hell ovate-oblong, the whorls 
truncate upwards. Aperture ovate. One line and a half 
to five lines long. Shell black, fubpellucid, with five 
whorls, and incumbent fqualid lip. Inhabits Greece. 
2x2. Helix glutinofa : diell ventricofe, diaphanous, 
with an obtufe projection; aperture wide. Two to four 
lines long. Shell very thin, fragile, yellow, with two 
or three whorls and repand rounded aperture; fnail 
white, withxinereous dots, and furnidied with a gelati¬ 
nous membrane covering the whole diell. Inhabits Den¬ 
mark; chiefly on the leaves of the Nympham lutea. 
213. Helix minuta: (hell fubcylindrical, with an oval 
toothlefs aperture. Not a line long; and is very minute. 
Inhabits Greece. 
214. Helix auricularia: (hell imperforate, ovate, gib¬ 
bous, with a depredion in the middle of the lip ; fpir.e 
acute and very (hart; aperture very much dilated. Two 
to fifteen lines long. Shell whitifii-yellow, cinereous, or 
brownifh, rarely ribbed; whorls three to five, the fird 
very ventricofe, the lad fmall, and forming a minute 
apex ; l'nail white, with cinereous dots and black eyes. 
Inhabits ponds of Europe. 
215. Helixperfpicua: (hellimperforate, convex,ovate, 
without lip; aperture .extending to the tip. Shell milk- 
white, transparent, and very brittle. Inhabits the Me¬ 
diterranean : between.a Sulla and .a Helix. 
216. Helix haliototdea: (hell imperforate, deprefled, 
with wavedtflria?; aperture oval, open all the way down. 
Shell flat, elliptic, thin, pellucid, white, or rcddifh 
with a white band, or orange with two paler bands, 
flightly cancellate outwardLy; whorls four lateral; lip 
very acute. Snail fmall, white, with two (hort tenta- 
cula. Inhabits the .Mediterranean, Atlantic, Indian, 
and North, leas; and is nearly related to the genus 
Haliotis. 
4 P 217. Kelix 
