352 
HE LMINTHOLOG Y. 
■fuppoTed to be of this family. Thefe genera are folen, have the 'agility of leaping full half a yard out of the 
fanguinolaria, and corbula. The folens, according to thefe ffcaj at which time they open their (hells, and fpout out 
writers, have the thells tranfverfe, with the upper and the dale water within them ; after which they rapidly 
lower margins almoft ftraight, with beaks gaping at both fink, taking in frefli water, and clofing their (hells with 
extremities ; and the two valves together furnifli either a loud fnap, which betrays their beds to the watchful- 
two or three teeth in the hinge. Sanguinolaria differs fifherman. Two-of the choiceff of the efcallops, viz. 
in having the upper margin curved, the_ extremities a the duc.il r mantle, (oftrea pallium.',) and coral efctiliop-, 
little gaping, and two approximate teeth .in each valve, (ojlrea nodoftaft )'are delineated in the laft-mentioned En- 
which lock into each other when the (bell is .doled, graving, fig. i and 2. Thefe (hells were formerly worn 
Corbula has the valves unequal, fubtranfverfe, and re- by pilgrims on fhe hat or mantle,'as a token that they 
gular, with a conic curved tooth in each valve ; the liga- had eroded..the fens in order to pay fji.eir devotions to 
ment of the hinge within, and the infide of the fliell, the (acred relics in the Holy Land ; in commemora- 
marked with two mufcular imprefiions. tion of which, efcallop-fliells are borne in the arms of 
Tellina, is a numerous genu's,..containing’ninety- many ancient families, 
four fpecies, found univerfally. The animal is a tethys, The difference between-the oyfferand the pedten tribe 
with (hells of an ovate compreffed form pone of which, is fo obvioiiily impreffed by the hand of nature on the 
the lellina radiata, is fftown in the above-mentioned en- refpedtive flieils which compofe them,, that few writers 
graving at fig. 4; and is valued for its beautiful ftriated on this fubjedt have paffed filently over the impropriety 
arrangement of cordated furrows and ftripes. of thus placing them together. The lcallop differs from 
CaSdium, is a genus which comprifes the extenfive the oyder in being endowed 'with a higher locomotive 
family of cockles. There are fifty-two fpecies now af- power : the animal is’difierent in having the branchiae 
certained. The animal is a tethys; and its (hell is Ion- eirrhated, or frihged ; .in being furniflied with a kind-of 
gitudinally ribbed, many of them beautifully tinted, foot, like the_ card!inti- eciiinatuni, delineated in the 
heart-diaped, and befet with fpines. The cardium acu- Hrimintholqgy Plate IV. fig. 2, whicli it protrudes from 
leatum is.delineated in the Engraving above referred to, the (hell near the auricle of the hinge; and in throwing 
at fig. 7. out a byffus fimilar to the pinna and the mufcle, by 
Mactra, is commonly known by the name olpellucid which it affixes itfelf to other bodies. Ariftotle, and 
oyfter , from the thinnels of its (hell, which in feveral of. other.ancient writers, attribute to the fcAllop the,power 
them referable paper. Thdy confift of twenty-feven fpe- of fpfiijging from place to place on the (ea-ftiore. Ai¬ 
des: the animal a tethys. genville deferibes it's movements both in tffe Water and 
The Donax, is a genus very nearly allied to the out ; he relates, that when left dry, by a fudden doling 
cockles, differing principally in the (hell, which is mirk: of its valves, aflifted by the foot, it has the power of 
cated or flattened on one of its Tides ; whence the (pecies, fpringing four or five inches at a jerk, repeating this 
. of which there are nineteen, .got tlie name ot flat-fided motion in order to regain its element. “In the water, 
cockles : one of the molt curious of thefe is reprefeiitpd (be fays,) it has the power of riling arid fuffaining itfelf 
in the Conchology Plate XVI. fig. 14. Theanimal is a near the furface, turningabout in various diredtions, and 
■tethys. ... on any alarm fuddenly clofing the valves and finking to 
Venus, is an extenfive genus, containing fame very the bottom. The oyfter, on the contrary, has the 
curious individuals; the (hells of which are in great re- branchiae fimple, and not fringed, and is unfurniffied 
queft with cofichologifts. One of the molt valued is either with a foot, or* with byffus; and its-..powers of 
Venus Dione, reprefented in the above-mentioned Engrai- xtjpti6ii confift in turning either the flat or convex fide 
ving, at fig. 6 ; a (hell that is very beautiful and rare., upwards or downwards, and even to effedt this, the 
The inhabitant is a tethys ; and there are no lefs than animal is faid, to take advantage of the force ot the 
one hundred and fifty-tour (pecies. ebbing or flowing of the water to affift it.” Yet, (till, 
Spondylus, is a genus diftinguiftied by numerous j n the articulation of the hinge the generic character 
rugged lpines; hence known by the name of th t thorny holds good. • ’ ■ 
oyfter. The.animal is a tethys; and there are four (pe- Anomia, is a Angular genus, containing an animal of 
cies ; one of which, fpondylus gadaropus-, is (liown in the a ftrap-ftiaped'form, with bridles or fringes on the upper 
above-named Engraving, fig. 3. . valve. There are fifty-one fpecies of them, but of 
Cham A, is a genus in which the fpecieS vaiy furpri- nuuiy. different lizes and forms, Come meafuring fix or 
fingly in fize ; fofne being found remarkably fulfill, while f e ven inclies over ; a (mail one is exhibited in the Con- 
others, and particularly the chama gigas, is fometimes chology Plate XVI. fig. 13. 
found of fuch an aftoniftiing capacity as to weigh five Mytilus, comprehends all the different kinds of 
hundred and thirty-two pounds, and the inhabitant, rau(1 ' elsy 0 f which there are (ixty-four fpecies. The 
which is a tethys,-is fo large as to (upply a dinner tor an j ma i ; s 0 f the afeidia kind ; fame ot which are valuable 
one hundred and twenty people ; and is ftrong enouglr as producing the true mother of pearl ; others as food, 
to fnap oft a man’s leg or arm by the cioung ot its Ihel.s, q, )C thefe,?nytilus hirundo, is (hewn in the laft mention- 
which it can open and (hut with great celerity. A young £d en ^ ? 2 . See alfo the article Mytilus. 
chama of this lpecies is delineated in the Conchology Pinna is the laft genus ot the bivalves; aiid its 
Plate XVI. fig* 1 • .. . ' ‘ fpecies appear to form the link between this divifion 
Arca, is confidered as a very curious genus, the T d the u irivuI V es ; the (hell is gaping at one end, and 
/hells being fafhioned like a boat, or keel ot a (hip, 1 he ^ valves are without a hinge£and united, at the other: 
inhabitant rs a tethys; and there are forty-three (pecies y , q tha£ it is nQt ftriaiy a bivalve, being thus connected, 
the molt'valued and (carcelt ot which is d.rg.mtied witn anima i is a H ina x or (lug, called nacre ; and there 
the title of ark. This is, correctly (hown in the ^ ^htee.Y fpecies, all of which produce a delicate 
Conchology Plate XV. fig. 8 . kind of by lifts, which is woveirinto a very fine filk, and 
Ostrea, comprehends me. two extenfive families ot hjoh w fhe itaHan i adie s. Thefineft (pccimen 
pedtens or efcallops, and oyfters; and there are no lets. * nim , the pinm 5,^, is given in the Concho- 
than one hundred and thirty-hx (pecies in the whole, in Plate XV. fig. 9. They are found abundantly m 
both divifions the animal is-a tethys ; and well known h ^ Adi Klt j c Mediterranean, and Indian, teas; and alio 
a.s a nutritive and valuable food Joth callops and .*, fhe American Occ i 0 . 
oyfters are found plentifully in the Indiai beas, - WlT UN IVALVE SHELLS. 
