366 II E L 
Plate at fig. 2. Fig. .3 is a congeries of the fame. Na¬ 
tive of England in woods. 
3. Helvella plana: pileus flat, livid; Item finooth. 
Native of England in woods. 
4. Helvella verficolor; 5. tremellina; 6. atrata : all 
ftemlefs, and natives of Jamaica, added by Swartz. 
7. Helvella amara: ftipitated, parafitical, efculent, 
and wholefome. 
8. Helvella agariciformis : flem cylindrical, white; 
pileus hemifpherical, white. Stem an half an inch high, 
not thicker than'a pin ; pileus the fize of-a rape feed. 
Grows Angle or in clufters, in moift and ftiady parts 
about the roots of trees, under moffes; about Halifax in 
York fit ire. 1 
9. Helvella nana: flem cylindrical, white, fmooth; 
pileus lobed and crumpled, white above, brown under¬ 
neath. Pileus fnowy white, leathery, hard, crumpled 
and deflected in various forms; fmooth and brown un¬ 
derneath ; about three-tenths of an inch over. Stem 
white, folid, fmooth,. not at all wrinkled, one-fourth of 
an inch high : thick as a crow-quill. Mr. Stackhoufe 
found it growing amongft ntofs on a fhaded bark under 
trees, near Pendarvis, Cornwall, in Auguft and Septem¬ 
ber 1791. 
10. Helvella floriformis : greyifh brown, paler at the 
edges; flem inverfely conical, crooked, fmooth; pileus 
funnel-fhaped, the edge thin, curled and plaited. Grows 
fingle or in clufters; fubftar.ee leathery. From one to 
three-inches high ; ftem folid. Pileus from a half to 
two incites over. Found by Mr. Dickfon in woods. 
11. Helvella caryophylltea: almoft fitting, leathery, in 
clufters; pileus funnel-fhaped, cut at the edge,.brown, 
with flock-like radiated fcores. Stem tapering down¬ 
wards, folid, browih often crooked, thicker and lopped 
at the root, frequently eccentric, one-third of an inch 
high,’ half as niueh in diameter. Found on the'ground 
in plantations of firs near Bungay, Suffolk ; and on the 
infide of a turf wall inclofing a plantation of firs near 
Ampthill, Bedfordfhire, oppofite Lord Offory’s Park on 
the right of the road to Woburn. 
12. Helvella cartilaginea : ftem-very fhort; pileus 
eftnvex, flattifh, fcarlet, fmooth. This plant is firm, 
griftly, femi-pellucid ; the colour deep orange, or fear-' 
let. Stem folid, very fhort; pileus fmooth, rather flip-' 
pery; border thin. Grows on old walls and rocksi' 
among mofs. 
13. Helvella gelatinofa : yellow ; pileus arched, edge 
rather lobed, puckered underneath, gelatinous within ; 
ftem hollow. Grows in clufters. Stem as thick as a 
goofe-quill, thicker downwards; about three inches 
high-; pileus near one inch in diameter. Found by Mr. 
Relfian at Hailwood, alfo at Wood-Ditton, in October. 
Withering notes a variety, with the pileus dufky olive 
brown; ftem, rich yellow. Pileus a quarter'to half an 
inch over; unequally .lobed, and very much rolled in 
nt the edge. Stem hollow, femi-tranfparent, glutinous; 
from.two to two and a half inches-high, of a beautiful 
rich yellow colour; tapering upwards ; fometimes fork¬ 
ed at the top and bearing two heads. Found in clufters 
under beeches, in the Red Rock Plantation, Edgbaftpn, 
in September. 
14. Helvella clavata : plant yellow; pileus Hoping; 
item fomewhaf compreffed. Stem folid, yellow, fvvol- 
feh at the bafe, tapering, upwards; one inch and a half- 
high, one-third of an inch diameter-at the bafe, one- 
fixth at the top; fometimes two inches and a half high. 
The whole.plant flimy and gelatinous. Found in woods 
in autumn under beech-trees, at Pendarvis, in Cornwall. 
15. Helvella Relhani : ftemiiollow, cylindrical, yel- 
low ; pileus yellow brown, with reddifh. ftreaks, coni¬ 
cal. Stein about two inches high, thick as a crow-quill. 
Pileus acutely conical, hardly half an inch from the bafe 
to the apex, the edges ftightiy fringed. Firft found by 
the Rev. Richard Relhair, on the north fide of Gogma- 
gog Hills. 
H E L 
16. Helvella aurea ; ftem fhort, yellow; pileus um¬ 
brella-like, gold coloured. Stem one-tenth to two- 
tenths of an inch high, tapering downwards, foLid. Pi¬ 
leus convex, flattifh, thin at the edge, golden-yellow 
above, paler underneath, a quarter of an inch over. 
The plant is brittle, watery, and femi-pellucid. Grows 
in woods in moift watery places on flicks and ftems of 
plants. 
17. Helvella fibuliformis: ftem fhort, black; pileus 
rather convex, yellow ; dufky black underneath. Stem 
folid, firm, a line in length ; pileus geritly convex, but 
flat at the top, hard, fmootf}, flippery, hardly a quar¬ 
ter of qrf inch over. Found on a branch of the root of 
an elmfwithin reach of the fprinklings of a fiream. 
18. Helvella asruginofa: with a Item ; very fmalR 
bright green ; pileus of various fliapes. This is hardly 
a quarter of an inch in height; pileus concave, gene¬ 
rally llanting, uneven at the edge, and very irregular in 
fhape. Found on rotten wood in various parts of Eng¬ 
land. 
19. Helvella fuliginofa; flem hollow, greyifh; pi¬ 
leus inflated, angular, plaited, blackifh. Stent uneven, 
twifted and furrowed, two to four inches high, thick as 
a goofe or raven quill. Pileus pale olive to dark foot/ 
colour, brittle, thin, very irregular in its fhape, de- 
preffed into angles and lobes, one to two inches over. 
Grows many together. Obferved at Pendarvis, Corn¬ 
wall, by Mr. Stackhoufe, in moift woods and hedges j 
but not common. 
20. Helvella fiftulofa ; pileus above livid, beneath 
reddifh, ftem two or three lines thick, two to two and a 
half inches long. Found in moift woods about the mid¬ 
dle of October. This is a new fpecies from Albertini 
and Schweiniz’s ConfpeBus Fungorum, publifhed in 1805. 
The fame work enumerates the following, which, as fy- 
nonymes are not added, may probably be fome of the 
above. 
21. Helvellaacaulis ; 22. infula ; 23. efculenta. 
HELVE'TIA, the ancient, and lately-revived, name 
for Swisserland ; a raoft celebrious and romantic 
country of Europe, divided into thirteen provinces call¬ 
ed cantons: viz. Berne, Zurich, Schafthaufen, Bafil, 
Lucerne, Undervvalden, Uri, Schwitz, Friburg, Zug, 
Soleure, Claris, and Apenzel; for the particular hiftoiy 
of each of which, fee thofe-articles. 
Thefe provinces were in ancient times diftinguifhed by 
feveral appellations. By the Romans they were regarded 
as a part of’Gaul; and the chief pofieffors were the 
Helvetii on,the weft, and the.Rhaeti on the eaft; the chief 
city of the Helvetians being Aventicum, now Avenche. 
After the fall of the Roman empire, this. interefting - 
country may, in a general point of view, be confidered 
as poffeffed by the Alemanni on the eaft, who alfo held 
Suubia, and Alface; and on the weft as a part of. Bur- 
gundia, the inhabitants being, ftyled Burgundi trans.Ju - 
renfes ; becaufe, with reference to France, they were 
fitnated on the other fide of the mountains of Jura. Di¬ 
vided among feveral lords,' fecular and fpiritual, the 
inheritances of the former at length chiefly centered 111 
the houle of Hapfburg, afterwards the celebrated fami¬ 
ly of Auftria ; and on its emancipation, in the beginning, 
of the'fourteenth century, firft appeared the modern de¬ 
nomination of Swijferland, either derived from the can¬ 
ton .of Schwitz, diftinguifhed in that revolution; or 
from the general name of Schwitzers, given by the 
Aultrians to this alpine .people. For the fake of pre- 
cifion, modern writers have reftridted the orthography 
of Schwitz and Schwitzer to the canton ; while the 
general appellation for the people has been Swi/s , now 
Helvetians ; and for the country Swijferland , now again 
Helvetia. ' . 
In length from eaft to weft, this, country extends 
about 2Q0 Bricifh miles; and in breadth, from north 
to fouth, about 130.. ■ The contents in fquare miles have 
been- eltimated at 14,960; but a great part is loft to hu- 
man 
