HEM 
31. Hemerobius quatuor-punClatus: wings white with 
four black dots at the bafe, the tip radiate with brown. 
Head and thorax black; antennae abdomen and legs 
palei Inhabits about Kiel ; fmall. 
32. Hemerobius abdominalis : brown; abdomen yel¬ 
low with a black tail. Antennae Ihort, brown: wings 
hyaline with brown veins. Inhabits England and Nor¬ 
way; lefs than a loufe. 
33. Hemerobius teftaceus: wings dark, thrice as 
long as the body; body brown-teftaceous. Inhabits 
America : delineated in the Engraving at fig. 7. 
34. Hemerobius paganus': wings white, upper-pair 
with faintdulky bands; antennae white. InhabitsUp'fal. 
Legs whitifli. ' 
35. Hemerobius pedicularius: greeniflt; antennae mo¬ 
derate. Inhabits Europe. Probably a fpeciesof Tet mes. 
36. Hemerobius flavus : yellow; mouth bipod-red 
each fide. Inhabits Europe. 
37. Hemerobius melanoftiCtos: yellowifh ; wings hya¬ 
line varied with blue and gold, the nerves whitifli dotted 
with black, the margins with minute black dots. Inha¬ 
bits Europe. 
38. Hemerobius verficolor: yellow 5 wings hyaline 
varied with blue and gold, bafe of the abdomen beneath 
and tail black; antennae yellow. Inhabits Europe. 
HEMEROCALLIS, /. [Gr. from -npy go?, a day; 
and mMo { , beauty ; a plant wliofe flower is the beauty 
of a day.] The Day-Lily ; in botany, a genus of the 
clafs hexandria, order monogynia, natural order of lilia 
or liliaceae, (coronariae, Linn, narcifli, JuJf.) The gene¬ 
ric charafters are—Calyx: none. Corolla: fix-parted, 
bell-funnel-form ; tube fliort; border equal fpreading, 
more reflex at top. Stamina : filaments fix, Tubulate, 
the length of the corolla, declining; upper ones Ihorter; 
antherae oblong, incumbent, rifing. Piftillum: germ 
roundifli, furrowed, fuperior; fiyle filiform, the length 
and fituation of the ftamens ; ftigma obtufely-three cor¬ 
nered, rifing. Pericarpium : capfule ovate-three-lobed, 
three-cornered, three-celled, three-valved. Seeds : very 
many, roundifli.— EJfcntial Charafter. Corolla be.ll-fliaped ; 
tube cylindric ; flamina declining. 
Species. 1. Hemerocallis flava, or yellow day-lily: 
leaves linear-fubulate keeled ; corollas yellow. The 
firft fort has ftrong fibrous roots, to which hang knobs, 
or tubers, like thofe of the afphodel, from which come 
out leaves, two feet long, with a rigid midrib, the two 
fides drawing inward, fo as to form a fort gutter on the 
upper fide. The flower-ftalks rife two feet and a half 
high, having two or three longitudinal furrows ; thefe 
are naked, and at the top divi.de into three or four fliort 
peduncles, each fuftainingone pretty large yellow flower 
fliaped likea lily, havingbut one petal, with a fliort tube, 
fpreading open at the brim, where it is divided into fix 
parts; thefe have an agreeable fcent, from which fome 
have given them the title of yellow tuberofe. It flowers 
in June, and the feeds ripen in Align,ft. Parkinfon ob- 
ferves, that “ this agrees with the following fort fo 
nearly, as that it might feem to be the fame ; but the 
leaves are not fully fo large, nor the flower fo great or 
fpread open ; the colour is a fair yellow wholly ; if is 
very fweet ; and it abideth blown many days before it 
fade.” Hence this fpecies does not correfpond entirely 
with its name of hemerocallis, or'day-lily. Native of 
Siberia, Hungary,. Dalmatia, Iftria ; it has eftabliffied 
itfelfin Swiflerhand, Silefia, &c. Cultivated hereby 
Gerarde. 
jS. The variety, H. minor, has fmaller roots ; the leaves 
are not near fo long, have not more than half the breadth, 
and are of a dark green colour. The flower-ftalk is a 
foot and half high, naked and comprefl'ed, without fur-- 
rov^s; at the top are two or three yellow flowers, which 
are nearer the bell-fliape than the others, and (land on 
fliorter peduncles. This flowers the beginning of June, 
and the feeds ripen early in Augufl. It grows natu¬ 
rally in Siberia. 
4 
HEM 337 
2, Hemerocallis fulva, or copper-coloured day-lily: 
leaves linear-fubulate, keeled ; corollas tawny or cop¬ 
per-coloured. This is a much larger plant than the 
firft, and the roots fpread and increafe much more ; 
therefore it is not proper for fmall gardens; the.roots 
have very ftrong flefliy, fibres, to which hang large ob¬ 
long tubers. The leaves are near three feet long, hol¬ 
lowed like thofe of the former, turning back toward the 
top. The flower-ftalks are as thick as a man’s finger, 
and rife near four feet high ; they are naked, without 
joints, and branching at the top, where are fevera'l large 
copper-coloured flowers, fliaped like thofe of the red 
lily, and as large. The ftamens of this fort are longer 
than thofe of the other, and their fummits are charged 
with a copper-coloured farina, which (beds on being 
touched. Thefe flowers never continue longer than 
one day, but there is a fucceflion of flowers on the fame 
plants for a fortnight or.three weeks ; it flowers in July 
and Augufl. This, fays Linnaeus, feem.s to be fpecifi- 
cally different from the foregoing, though no real dif¬ 
ference is difcovered ; it is larger in fize, the corolla is 
copper-coloured, and the flowers appear later. To 
thefe diftinClions we may add, that the flowers of the 
fulva have little or no fmell, whereas thofe of the JlavG 
are very fragrant; that the former are much Ihorter 
lived ; and that they are feldom or never fucceeded by 
feed ; whereas the jlava generally produces ripe feed. 
Certainly none of thefe circumftances can be admitted 
as genuine fpecific differences; and yet it is remarked 
by Mr. Curtis, that, when the feveral characters in 
which the fulva differs fo effentially from the jlava are 
attentively confidered, we (hall wonder that Linnaeus 
could entertain an idea of their being varieties of each 
other. He obferves, that the leaves of this fpecies, on 
their firft emerging from the ground, and for a cOhfide- 
rable time afterwards, are of the mod delicate green 
imaginable ; that the appearance which the plant af- 
fumes at this period of its growth is indeed fo pleafing, 
as to conftitute half its beauty; that its bloffoms are 
twice the fize of thofe of the Jlava, of a tawny orange 
colour, without glofs or fmell, the petals waved on the 
edge, and the flowers rarely or never fucceeded by ripe 
capfules. But in juftification of Linnaeus's opinion, pro- 
feffor Martyn, the editor of Miller’s Dictionary, relates 
the curious refults of an experiment communicated by 
Mifs Welch, of Ardenham-hill near Ayleftniry. In the 
year 1788 (lie removed feveral plants from Hampftcad 
to a new garden Ihe was then making in Buckingham- 
(hire. The foil was a (tiff clay manured with pond- 
mud, fand, and dung, in fome parts; in others, it was a 
compoll formed of the ruins of buildings and limeftone, 
mixed with a mould produced from a variety of animal 
and vegetable fubftances. The plants were firft placed 
in the clayey foil. Among them was a Angle plant of 
Hemerocallis fulva. The fucceeding year (lie divided 
this plant, and put part of it in a (hallow bed of the 
compoft formed from the ruins, &c. It (hot very freely, 
fo that (he was able to take off another part of the plant, 
and the lame fummer fet it in the fame bed. When the 
lad plant flowered, Ihe was agreeably furprifed with the 
fight of an Hemerocallis flava, which Hie is pofitive Ihe 
was not pofleffed of till it was thus produced by acci¬ 
dent. The year after, Ihe had plants varying in fize 
and colour, large and of a deep tawny hue, fmall and 
abfolutely yellow-, and alfo. of a pale tawny, and of a 
fize between fulva and Jlava. The change of colours in 
flowers occalioned by removing plants into a foil of a 
different nature, is a circumftance well known to florifts. 
Its natural growth was not known to the old botanifts. 
Linnaeus makes it to be a native of China. Father Lou- 
reiro lays it is cultivated there and in Gochin-china, but 
does not affirm that it is a native. Thunberg, inferts it 
among, the Japonefe plants in thefe words: CreJ'cit hinc 
inde,/ape culta : “ It grows here and there, often culti¬ 
vated.” In the Catalogue of the royal garden at Kew, it 
