402 HER 
Leaves dufky green, on long hirfute petioles, pinnas 
feffile, galhed, three or five, lanceolate, rounded and 
eared, the outer odd one petioled, three-lobed, the lobes 
like the other pinnas, in the lower ones blunt, in the 
ripper ones ftiarp, all ferrate. It differs from H. panaces, 
m having the leaves veined and' wrinkled, green, and 
Jcabrous on both fides; not foft, or paler underneath, 
or fomewhat tomentofe ; peduncles fcabrous, not even, 
as in H. panaces; the ftature is lefs. Native of Aufrria, 
Carniola, and Silefia ; flowering in July and Auguft. 
6 . Heracleura alpinum, or alpine cow-parfnip: leaves 
fimple ; flowers radiate. Stem from eighteen inches to 
three feet high, round, fmooth, jointed. Seguier joins 
this with the foregoing fpecies, but the leaves refemble 
thofe of Rubus chamaemorus, or the'fig, and are even, 
not fcabrous, on their upper furface. Native of the 
Swifs Alps, Provence, and Silefia. Known to Cal'par 
Bauhin in 1595. 
Propagation and Culture. Sow their feeds in autumn; 
in the fpring, 'when the plants are up, hoe the ground, 
cutting up the weeds, and thinning the plants, as di¬ 
rected for common parfnips. 
HERACLI'D^E, the defcendants of Hercules, fo 
much celebrated in ancient hiflory. Hercules at his 
death left to his fon Hyllus all the rights and claims 
which he had upon the Pelopoimefus, and permitted 
him to marry Iole, as foon as he came of age. The 
pofterity of Hercules were not more kindly treated by 
Euryflheus than their father had been, and they were 
obliged to retire for protection to the court of C'eyx, 
king of Trachinia. Euryflheus purfued them thither; 
and Ceyx, afraid of his refentment, begged the Hera- 
clidae to depart from his dominions. From Trachinia 
they came to Athens, where Thefeus, the king of the 
country, who had accompanied their father in fome of 
his expeditions, received them with great humanity, and 
afiifled them againft their common enemy, Euryflheus. 
Euryflheus was killed by the hand of Hyllus liimfelf, 
and his children periflied with him, and all the cities of 
the Peloponnefus became the undifputed property of 
the Heraclidae. Their triumph, however, was fliort; 
their numbers were leflened by a peftilence, and the 
oracle informed them that they had taken poffeflion of 
the Peloponnefus before the gods permitted their return. 
Upon this they abandoned Peloponnefus, and came to 
fettle in the territories of the Athenians, where Hyllus, 
obedient to his father’s commands,' married Iole the 
daughter of Eurytus. Soon after he confulted the ora¬ 
cle, anxious to recover the Peloponnefus, and the am- 
biguity of the anfwer determined him to make a fecond 
attempt. He challenged to Angle combat Atreus, the 
fuccelfor of Euryflheus on the throne of Mycenae, and 
it was mutually agreed that the undifturbed poffeflion 
of the Peloponnefus fliould be ceded to whofoever de¬ 
feated his adverfary. Echenuis accepted the challenge 
for Atreus : Hyllus was killed, and the Heraclidte a le- 
cond time departed from Peloponnefus. Clodaeus the 
fon of Hyllus made a third attempt, and was equally 
unfuccefsful; and his fon Ariftomachus fome time after 
met with the lame unfavourable reception, and periflied 
in the field of battle. Ariftodemus, Temenus, and 
Chrelphontes, the three fons of Ariftomachus, encou¬ 
raged by the more expreffive and lefs ambiguous word 
. of an oracle, and defirous to revenge the death of their 
progenitors, affembled a numerous force, and with a fleet 
invaded all Peloponnefus. Their expedition was attend¬ 
ed with fuccefs, and after fome decifive battles they be¬ 
came mafters of the whole peninfula, which they divided 
among themfelves two years after. The recovery of the 
Peloponnefus by the defcendants of Hercules forms an 
interefting epoch in ancient hiflory, which is univerfally 
believed to have happened eighty years after the Trojan 
war, or 1104 years before the Chriftian era. This con- 
queft was totally achieved about 120 years after the firft 
attempt of Hyllus.. Apbllodorus , 
H E R 
HERACLI'DES, a philofopher of Heraclea in Pon- 
tus, for fome time difciple of Seufippus and Ariftotle. 
He wilhed it to be believed that he was carried into 
heaven the very day of his death; and, the more firmly 
to render it credible, he begged one of his friends to. 
put a ferpent in his bed. The ferpent difappointed him, 
and the noife which the number of vifitors occafioned 
frightened him from the bed before the philofopher had 
expired. He lived about 335 years before the Chriftian era. 
HERACLI'TUS, the Ephefian philofopher, native 
of Ephefus,, and flourilhed about the fixty-ninth olym¬ 
piad, or the year before Chrift 504. He difcovered an 
early inclination for the ftudy of wifdom ; and reforted 
for inftruCtion to Xenophanes and Hippafus, by whom 
he was initiated into the myfteries of the Pythagorean 
fchool. The principles which he learned from thefe 
mafters, he afterwards incorporated into his own fyftem. 
So high was the opinion which his fellow-citizens en¬ 
tertained of his character, that they folicited him to 
undertake the office of chie-f magiftrate ; but he declined 
complying with their requeft, both becaufe he difap- 
proved of the mode of government, which was popular, 
among them, and becaufe he was difgufted with their 
licentious manners. He was naturally of a morofe and 
gloomy temper; whence, inftead of pitying, he was led 
to defpife, the ignorance and folLics of mankind, and to 
thun as much as poffible all intercourfe with the world. 
Under the influence of thefe difpofitions, he withdrew 
from fociety to a mountainous retreat, where he devoted 
his time to ftudious contemplation, and lived only upon 
the fruits of the earth. His fame, however, fpread 
abroad ; and, having reached Darius king of Perfia, that 
monarch fent him a polite invitation to. refide at his 
court, that he might profit by his inftruCtions. His 
anfwer to the king’s letter, in which he refufed his invi¬ 
tation, was rude and contemptuous. Having, by the 
manner of life which he purfued in his retirement, and 
the diet which he ufed, brought on a dropfical complaint, 
he is faid to have died of it tvhen about fixty years of 
age. He wrote a treatife On Nature, of which a few 
fragments only remain, preferved by Sextus Empiricus. 
With the defign of concealing his opinions, at leaft from 
the vulgar, he made-life of figurative and intricate 
diCtion, which rendered his discourfes fo incomprehen- 
fible, that he obtained the name of Sxoteiw?, or the 
obfcure philofopher. They were depofited by him in 
the Temple of Diana, for the ufe of the learned, where 
they remained till they were made public by Crates ; 
or, if Tatian is to be credited, by the poet Euripides. 
In this repofitory they were read by many philofophers, 
who afterwards taught the author’s fyftem, or- incor¬ 
porated it with their own. To thefe writings Zeno 
was indebted for many parts of his phyfical and moral 
fyftem; and Plato, who had learned the Heraclitean 
philofophy from Cratylus, adopted that part winch 
trea-ted of the nature and motion of matter. There are 
no traces, however, of the exiftence of the Heraclitean 
fedt after the death of Socrates; which is partly to be 
afcribed to the obfcurity of the author’s writings, and 
chiefly to the fuperior fpleiidor of the Platonic fyftem, 
by which it was fuperfeded. 
HERACLI'TUS, an ancient writer of Sicyon. He 
was the author of a treatife on ftones, which Plutarch 
has quoted in the fecond book of his treatife on rivers. 
To him Leo Allatius afcribecl a work De Incredibilibus , 
the manufcript of which he found in the Vatican library. 
He printed it at Rome, in 1641; and it was afterwards 
reprinted at London and Amfterdam. The laft-men- 
tioned edition is the beft. 
HERA'CLIUS, in ancient geography, a river of 
Greece, mentioned by Paufanias. 
HERA'CLIUS, a renowned warrior, emperor of the 
eaft, who carried on a long and bloody war with the 
Saracens, and died A. D. 641. See, for his exploits, 
the article Arabia, vol. ii. p. 8. 
HERuE'A, 
