418 
H E R A I 
crown to her judgment much like to a clofe crown ; and 
underneath with a cipher which the took to be king’s 
cipher, H.R.” Wriothefley Garter was then ordered to 
advertife to all foreign ambalfadors, that Thomas duke 
of Norfolk and the earl of Surrey his fon were traitors, 
&c. In the confeflions of the duke, extorted by a fear 
of death, are thefe articles, which contain a furrender of 
hereditary rights, fuch as the mod fufpicious tyranny 
only could have widled to fupprefs. Article 2. Like- 
wife “ I confefs, that I have concealed high treafon in 
keeping fecret the falfe and traitorous adf mod prefump- 
tuoudy committed by my fon Henry Howard, earl of 
Surrey, againft the king’s majefty and his laws, in put¬ 
ting and ufing the arms of St. Edward the Confeflor in 
his fcutchion of arms, which faid arms appertain to the 
king only of thefe realms; whereunto the faid earl by 
any means or way could make any title or claim by me 
or any of mine or his anceftors. Alfo I likewifp con- 
tefs, that to the peril and dander of the king’s majefty 
and the difinherifon of his fon,Prince Edward, &c. I 
have againft all right and againft authority borne in the 
firft quarter of mine arms, ever dnee the death of my 
father, the arms of England, with a difference of three 
labels of filver, which are the proper arms of my faid 
prince, &c. whereby I have given occaffon that his 
highnefs might be difturbed or interrupted in his crown 
and dignity, &c. which 1 know and confefs to be high 
treafon by the laws of this realm. T. Norfolk.” 
Herbert's Hijiory of Henry VIII. p. 625, &c.—Such were 
the wretched means reforted to for the gratification of 
implacable refentmerit; and which fhamefully. termi¬ 
nated in the convi&ion and death of that unfortunate 
noble lord. See Walpole's Royal and Noble Authors } vol. i. 
p. 98. 
It has been a much-miftaken idea that coats of arms 
have been chiefly,' if not folely, granted for military 
prowefs, or feats in war. That thefe took the lead, is 
perhaps unqueftionable ; but we fliall find that the “ dy- 
vers wayes” pointed out by the “Boke of Saint Al¬ 
bans,” as ftated above, namely, bydefeent; by gift of 
the feodal prince to his retainers ; by thofe taken from 
a vanquidied enemy in battle ; by thofe granted as re¬ 
wards for merit, by the fovereign ; have in all ages 
been the channels which have led to their acquifition ; 
and on this ground colonel Delamotte, in his very in- 
terefting colledfion of “ Allufive Arms,” has judicioufly 
elaffed them under their appropriate heads. We have 
already adduced feve.ral inftances of armorial bearings 
being given for afts of heroifm or valour, as in the cafe 
of the Hay family ; of that of Dalziel; of Hugh Wil¬ 
liams, &c. and in the hiftorical /ketches and coats of 
arms illuftrative of this article, examples of every kind 
will be found ; referring as well to fignal affs of loyalty, 
virtue, fidelity, induftry, &c. as to magnanimous deeds 
In arms. 
In the preliminary article Herald’s College, we have no¬ 
ticed the power of the Earl Marftial and College of Arms 
to grant arms, upon proper applications, to families who 
wifh to ufe legal arms, to diftinguifh themfelves, their 
fons and daughters, and to ihow their alliances. The 
library of the College contains, together with the an¬ 
cient,. a vaft increafe of modern grants. 
From this fliort fketchof the outlinesof a fcience which, 
for want-of being better known, has been ftigmatized 
with offering to the rifing generation nothing but monu¬ 
ments of human vanity, or of feodal flavery, we truft a 
mote fair and rational opinion will be formed of it. 
Befides the many advantages it offers in afeertaining 
, pedigrees ,and lineal defeent,. from which parilh-regiR 
ters partly took theif rife, heraldry has been inftrumen- 
tal in improving many of the arts, as well as in afford¬ 
ing various fources of elegance to cultivated and po- 
1 ifiled life. Enamelling owes its introduction into this 
' country to the tafte of our anceftors for emblazoning 
their arms : embroidery was heightened and improved 
,DRY. 
by it : the perfection of colours on painted glafs, and 
the fuperb illuminations of ancient MSS. owe all their 
beauties to blazonry ; which likewife contributed to ad¬ 
vance the tafte for fculpture, and perfected the art of 
feal-engraving. But this is not all:—Heraldry connects 
and ramifies her branches with claflical learning, and 
philofophical enquiry. Of thefe faCts we cannot give a 
clearer proof, than by concluding with the elegant and 
impreflive obfervations of Mr. Dallaway : “To extend 
the powers of memory, confidering them merely as me¬ 
chanical, no purfuit will fo effectually ferve as that of 
heraldry. The mnemonic art has been formed upon 
various elements; but few are to be preferred before 
that univerfal acquaintance with armorial bearings, 
which fome memories are able to retain. By an'imme¬ 
diate recollection of the component parts of the heraldic 
fymbol, we are led to the hiftory of the family to whom 
it is appropriate; and various circumftances recur to 
the mind, of which the former knowledge would by no 
other means have been fo forcibly recalled. keep 
alive the fleeting images.of things, and to lighten intel¬ 
lectual burthens, nothing has been difeovered more con¬ 
ducive than the artifices of memory. If the hiftory and 
antiquities of our own country be worthy attention, a 
complete knowledge of heraldry will, by /Lengthening 
the retentive faculty, teach us to be fcrupulous both in 
chronology and identity of perfons, and, by its infepara- 
ble relation to them, furni/h that decifive information 
concerning both, which conjecture or philofophical rea- 
foning could never fupply. 
“ To the young ftudent of Englifli antiquities heral¬ 
dry affords conftant information and amufement. When 
he furveys the repofitories of the iliuftrious dead, how 
many an uninferibed monument will he be enabled to 
difeover and appropriate ! Amidft the pomp of elder 
days and the proud reljques of feodal magnificence, he 
will recognife the fymbol by which thofe who founded or 
improved the ftruCtnre are notified to pofterity ; he will 
inveftigate with principles, which reft, not upon inge¬ 
nious conjecture, but certain pr^of. Thefe are the 
means by which topography is rendered interefting ; 
for, however neceflary the embellifhment of learned 
commentaries or philofophical inquiries may be to its 
perfection, fimple faCts, incontrovertibly afcertained, 
mult form the ground-work*” 
ELEMENTS of HERALDRY. 
It would be as incompatible with reafon and pro¬ 
priety to commence the Itudy of heraldry before its 
terms are underftood, as it would be abfurd to attempt 
the acquifition of a language, without previoufty con- 
fulting its grammar. Thefe terms, however, are fo 
concile, fo appropriate, and diftinCt from all other mat¬ 
ters, that the talk of learning them is nothing, when com¬ 
pared with the pleafure that refults from being able to 
walk with firmer fteps in the field of ancient hiftory, to 
diftinguifti all ranks of people by a bare infpeCtion of 
their arms ; or of recognizing the owners of the nume¬ 
rous equipages that pafs along, only by a aft of the eye-,, 
aided by habits of memory. When, therefore, the defi¬ 
nitions have been attained, the elements, of trhe fcience 
will be acquired with facility ; and in the purfuit of 
them a variety of rational entertainment will be found 
to go hand in hand with much ufeful and valuable in¬ 
formation. 
Since armorial bearings have been aflumed by all fos. 
vereigns, by different ftates or countries, by cities and 
corporations, and by almoft all degrees of people under 
various circumftances ; fo it came that arms, which ac¬ 
quired this denomination from having been firft uled by 
military men, are diftinguifhed or arranged und^r Arms 
of Dominion : of Pretension : ! of Concession .- 
of Community: of Patronage: of Family : of 
Alliance: of Succession : 
Arms of Dominion, or fovereignty, are thofe which em- 
perers^ 
