HERA 
fticks, interwoven and eroding each other, at equal dif- 
tances, it is called frtltk■ The water of a brook fretting 
among the pebbles, and wiliin its narrow banks, gives a 
good reprefentation of this bearing, and may have occa¬ 
sioned it's name. See fig. 77, gulesfrette argent. 
Sometimes the lozenge parts of the field left naked- 
between the interfeCtions of the bend-lets are charged as 
in fig. 79, azure, frette, andfeme, of fleurs-de-lis, or. 
The word feme, from the French Jemer, to firew, or 
throw'about irregularly, is made ufe of when the field 
is ftrewed with charges repeated to an indefinite num¬ 
ber. See fig. 78, argent, feme of crofs-croflets fable , ademi-lion 
proper. 
Thf PALL or PAIRLE. 
The pall is a fubordinatC ordinary reprefenting the 
pallium or mantle of the ancient archbifhops and patri¬ 
archs, and took its origin alfo in Paleftim, in remem¬ 
brance of the benediction the crufaders tifed to.receive 
at the hands of thofe heads of the church, previoufiy to 
their giving battle to the infidels, their powerful oppo¬ 
nents. It has the form of a chevron reverted,, and a 
demi-pale meeting at the centre-point o'f the fiiield. See 
fig. 81, ermine a "pall fable. The word pairle is entirely 
French, from the Latin pergula-, and is never ufedbut 
jn French blazonry. Sometimes the pall becomes a com¬ 
mon charge, being infpicated or fiiarpened at the ends ; 
and then it refembles a fork, or the letter Y. See fig. 
$2, or a pall (or trofs pall) fable. 
Here ends, according to the fimpleft and be ft mode of 
clallification, the lift of fubor-dinate ordinaries; but as 
many of thofe who have preceded tis in the arduous 
talk of elucidating the fcience of heraldry, have con- 
ftantly introduced the lozenge, the iYiafcle, the ruftre, 
and fome other figures which would better rank amongft 
the common charges, we have added here the four fir ft 
of them. 
The LOZENGE, FUSIL, MASCLE.and RUSTRE. 
The lozenge is compofed of four equal and parallel, 
bu.t not rectangular, fides ; two of its oppofite angles 
being acute, and the other two obtufe. It imitates in 
its lhape the form of the diamond upon cards, or of an¬ 
cient window panes j and its name, borrowed from the 
French, cannot be traced any farther. See Plate III. 
fig-, 83- 
The fufll is a lengthened lozenge, or a lozenge whole 
diagonal lines are ftill more unequal in length. Its 
name comes from the Latin fufum, a fpindle ; in French 
fufeau, and formerly fufel-, repr denting the lhape of thofe 
ivory inftruments which ancient knights law turning 
and whirling in the rofy fingers of their dairies, who, as 
the heroines of old, did not difdain to fpin and weave at 
home the garment or fcarf intended to adorn the chief¬ 
tain on the field of battle. See Plate III. fig. 84, or, a 
fufll"gules. 
The maflcle, fuppofed to ha"ve been a representation of 
the mefiies of a net, or of a coat of mail, the word beings 
in Latin macula, is like a lozenge, but perforated through 
its, whole extent, leaving only a narrow bordure, as it 
appears at fig. 83, azure, a maflcle in bafe argent. 
Th e ruflre, is a luzenge pierced, or the not of a ferew ; 
but if the fhade in that cafe is tranl'poled, that is to fay, 
if it is placed on the fimfter fide of the round hole of 
the lozenge, it may be called a lozenge charged with a 
befant, or plate, or any other roundel. See fig. 84, on 
the Unifier chief point, azure a ruflre argent. '1 hefe four 
charges ought to be fo placed that their,longer diagonal 
line ftand perpendicular in the field. 
COMMON CHARGES. 
Sections and interfeCtions, divifions of the fhield by 
nearly all pofiible combinations of iines twilled in all 
kind of ftiapes, could not fatisfy the cravings of fancy, 
warmly intent upon creating diftinCtions for branches of 
families, or original families that had not adopted any 
ItDRY. 435 
heraldic badges ; but d larger field foon opened itfelf to 
the view; all that nature poflTdles, all that imagination 
could invent or graphic art execute, became in fuccef- 
fion the property of heraldry. Natural, artificial, even 
chimerical, objects, were at her difpofal ; and fhemade 
her choice from amongthetn all. Hence, that’infinite va¬ 
riety of common charges, which have enfigned the arms of 
tlie nobility and gentry from the earl'ieft times. The 
three kingdoms bf Nature, animal, vegetable, and mi¬ 
neral ;—even the conftellations, with all the luminaries 
of the firmament of heaven ;—the inferior works of man ; 
nay man himfelf, and every one of the condiment parts 
of his body, claimed a place on the fiiield of the war¬ 
rior; and thus heraldry (if we may be allowed the me¬ 
taphor,) became a compendious mirror of the uni- 
verfe. 
As, therefore, it would be endlefs, were we ; to at¬ 
tempt to depift and deferibe all the common charges 
which are to be found in armories, we fiiall content 
buffelv.es with delineating and explaining the molt im¬ 
portant only, and chiefly thofe which have received a 
particular character from the damp of heraldic fancy ; 
for.it is worthy of remark, that a number of objeCts are 
not, and ought not, to be drawn, in blazon, as they ap¬ 
pear in lhape to out eyes : the, lions of England, are not 
the lions of the foreft ; and the fleurs-de-lis, or lilies of 
France, are not the lilies of our garden. Heraldry, in 
a (Turning thofe objects for diftinCtive marks, invprefted 
upon them tier own feal, and clothed them with her 
own livery. They have an indelible type belonging to 
themfelves alone ; and the perfection of heraldic paint¬ 
ing confiIts in preferving to them their charaCteriftic 
form and' fpirit. 
To facilitate the diferimination of common charges, 
we have arranged them in alphabetical order, which ob- 
vioUfly claims the preference of every other difpofition ; 
and they are as follow : 
Heraldry Plate IV. 
Rig. 1. Argent, an anchor fable. This well-known em¬ 
blem of hope, this proteCtor and guardian of the (hips, 
is often to be met,with in armories granted to thofe who 
have diltinguilhed themfelves in naval expeditions. 
The anchor ought to be reprefented as in this figure ; 
that is, in'perlpeCtive ; otherwife, the flock being in a 
line with the flukes, the bearing would never appear to 
advantage. Yet we find in old heraldic paintings many 
inftances where the flukes and the (lock are placed in' 
the lame direction. The anchor is often reprefented 
with a part of the broken c&ble entwined round the 
lhank, and then it is blazoned a foul anchor. 
Fig. 2. Gules, an antelope, armed hoofed and tufted or. 
This antelope is widely different from the animal of that 
name. Both are- admitted in heraldry ; hut the one here 
depicted has the body of a flag, the tail of an unicorn, 
and a tufk i lining from the tip of its nofe : if it were not 
for 1 he two.horns on the head, it might be eafily taken 
for wiiaf is termed an heraldic tiger . It is feldom made 
ufe of in new grants of arms. 
Fig. 3. Or, two Jingle arches in chief, and a double arch in 
baje.azure. The arches are a very old bearing, and are 
compbled of pillars fupporting a vaulted roof, fuppofed 
to be a device alfumed by fome very ancient architect. 
Fig. 4. Azure, an arm in armour proper garnijhed or, the 
fifl clenched, aljo proper. 
Fig. 5. Or, a cubit arm vefled, cuff argent, the hand proper 
grafping a baton Jable Upped of the third. The repetition 
of the name ot a tinctine is never allowed in blazoning, 
tlie wdi'ds flrfl, fecorid, third, &c. are fubftituted in lieu, 
of fuch repetitions. 
Fig. 6. Vert, an arm embowed and erafed, in the hand a club 
proper. 
Fig. 7. Argent, an arm in mail armour , the hand proper, 
grajping a faff azure. 
Fig. 3. Azure, in chief twoflieaves of three arrows argent, 
banded 
