446 HERA 
of his own blood and the. hazard of his life, had faved a 
fellow-citizen in the heatof battle, and refcu.ed him 
from the javelin of the enemy ; and that the corona civica, 
compofed of oak-leaves, fhould be yoted to'him a lad¬ 
ing memorial of his heroical and generous interpofition. 
See Plate VIII. fig. 16. 
The Phoenician fpirit which animated the Carthagi¬ 
nians, the love of commerce and .of conqheb, which, for 
a term in the annals of hiftory, bufied the (hores. ot Li¬ 
bya, and the vales of Mount Atlas, created a naval 
force at the mouth of the Tyber, and hence a crown 
was fabricated of gpld to deck the brows of a naval hero. 
It was made in imitation of the prow of a (hip, and was 
called corona navalis, naval crown. . Thanks to the na¬ 
tional fpirit of our brave countrymen, that.the heralds 
of our age have fo often had occafion to' grant this dif- 
tinguiflied. mark of. honour ; and the naval crown glit¬ 
ters of late on.many a coat of arms, as an everlaiting 
proof of our fuccefsful exertions in the maintenance 
of our rights and liberties. The naval crown, as how 
borne, is compofed of a gold rinj, furmounted with three 
flerns of (hips, and two fails alternately. See Plate VIII. 
ft g. 8. 
The ancients, as we find it defcribed mod minutely in 
Cx far’s Commentaries, and other clafliCal works, ufed to 
raife a trench, which, from the old Celtic word wall, they 
called vallum , in order to advance upon, or fence thern- 
felves from, the enemy. Whoever entered fird the en¬ 
trenchment, was entitled to a crown called. tW/am corona, 
Which was made of pales or palifladoes, and is dill in 
ufe among heralds. See Plate VIII. fig. 9. 
The mural crown, corona muralis, was the meed of 
thofe who had exhibited great prowe/s in attacking a 
town, and who, under a fhower of darts, dones, and. 
other miflile weapons, had fcaled its walls, and carried 
the place by dorm. It was a circle of gold, with pin¬ 
nacles or battlements erefted upon it; and has pre- 
ferved this fhape, as delineated in Plate VIII. fig. ii. 
"The eadern crown is a gold rim adorned with eight 
rays, five of which are only to be feen in heraldic re- 
prefentatiOns. 11 has often been granted as a mark of 
particular didinction to foine Britifli fubjefts, who have 
well merited of; the country, by their talents in con¬ 
ducting the affairs of our eadern edablidiments.; orwho 
have defended our Indian poffeflions againd the inroads, 
of the enemy. See Plate VI 11 . fig. 11. 
The celedial crown is very- fimilar to the one lad 
defcribed, with this didinCtion, that every ray is fur- 
mounted with a final 1 dar. It was bedowed on emp'e- 
rors, kings, and princes, when they were entitled to the 
honours of tire apotheofis ; and it is (till frequently 
painted on funeral achievements.- See Plate VIII. fig. 12. 
The preceding crowns, in heraldic blazon, may be of 
any tindture ; and are placed on the helmet either with 
or without the wreath ; they are alfo placed on the 
heads, of (upporters, in the paws of lions, tigers, round 
the (lender necks'of birds, &c. See. but are never worn 
in reality. 
The modern crowns which emperor-s, kings, and 
princes, on certain date occafions, let on their heads, 
demand alfo a' flioTt defcripti’on. The crown ufed for 
■ the coronation of the kings of England, is made in imi¬ 
tation of tl^at fu.ppofed to have been., worn,by /Edward 
the Confeffor, which was kept in Wedminder-abbey till 
the beginning of the civil wars in the reign of Charles I. 
when, with the red of the regalia, it was facrilegioufly 
plundered and fold, in 1642. The prefent very rich 
imperial crown, now ufed at the coronation of our kings, 
was made at the redoration of Charles II. and isembel- 
lillied with pearls and precious- (tones..of divers kinds. 
The rim is adorned with four,erodes pattee, and four 
fleurs-de-lis alternately : from each crofs arifes an arched 
diadem fet with pearls, and which clofes at the top un¬ 
der a mound, fupporting a crofs pattee-of gold, eri- 
yiched'.likewife with precious dones, and three very 
L D R Y. 
large oval pearls, one of them being fixed at the top/ 
the others, pendent at the ends of the crofs. The. cap 
within the crown is of purple velvet, lined with white 
taffeta, and turned up with'ermine. This crown, dill 
called St F . Edward’s, is never worn, but remains the 
fame for the coronation of every fucceeding king or 
fovereign of the united kingdom of Great Britain and 
Ireland. The jewels, and other precious dones, where¬ 
with it is embellidied for the ceremony of a. coronation,, 
are taken out-of the crown of date, and fixed in collets, 
and pinned into thisxrown;. and when the fol.emnity is 
over, the jewels and pearls are taken out, and replaced 
with fa'&.U.ioUjS gems, in exaefb imitation of the real ones. 
The crown.of date is fupefbly rich, being embeliifhed 
with divers large rofe or faucet and table diamonds ; 
befides a great quantity of coltly pearls. But it is moftly 
celebrated for an uncommon large ruby, fet in the mid¬ 
dle of one of the lour erodes, faid to'be valued at ten 
thoufand pounds. The mound is made of an entire 
done, of a fea-water green colour, known by the name 
of aquamarine. See the Heraldry Plate IX. fig. 3. 
The queen’s circlet of gold,' which her majedy wears 
in proceeding to her coronation, is a Tingle rim richly 
ornamented with large diamond's curioufly fet, with a 
dring of pearls round the upper-edge thereof. The cap 
is purple velvet lined with white taffeta, and tinned up 
with ermine. ■ 
A fovereign queen is crowned with St.Edward’scrown, 
but a queen confort with a crown called St. Egitha’s, 
made originally for the, coronation of queen Catharine 
confort of king Charles II. 
The coronet of his royal highnefs the prince of Wales, 
as heir apparent to the king of Great Britain, was an¬ 
ciently a circle of gold, fet round with fleurs-de-lis and 
erodes, in the fame form and number as on the royal 
crown; but fince the redoration it has been clofed with 
an arch only, adorned with pearls, and furmounted alfo 
with.a mound and crofs. The cap is the fame as for 
the king’s,crown. See Plate IX. fig. 4. 
Ail the royal princes and princefles, fons and daugh¬ 
ters of the king of England, wear a fimilar crown, bur 
without arch. The cap, furmounted with a tuft of 
gold, is alfo of purple velvet, turned up with ermine. 
See Plate IX. fig. 5. 
The prefent duke of Glouceder, and the.princefs 
Sophia his fider, have a particular coronet, compofed 
of four crofs patees, to fliow their immediate confangui- 
nity witli the royal family; and four drawberry-leaves 
as reprefented in Plate IX. fig. 6. 
The decoration by drawberry-leaves is very ancient; 
.and we do not doubt but that the honour of adorning 
the brows of majedy was referved to this humble plant, 
in order to remind fovereigns that though elevated to 
fo high a dation in fociety, they never ought to forget 
that they are but men, and but a Ample leaf in the great 
fcale of nature, and in the difpenfations of Divine Pro¬ 
vidence. Certain it is, however, that this.leaf has.been 
introduced on the kings crowns from, the earlied times of 
the Britifli monarchy; which is.exemplified and proved 
by the olded coins'now in exiftence. The ducal coronet 
is compofed entirely of thefe leaves, to the number of 
eight; five of which are feen in heraldic, drawings,, as. 
(iiown in Plate IX. fig. 7. Sometimes a ducal coronet 
is ufed in arms as a charge, or on a charge, as in the 
compodtion of creds, and then it ought to be drawn as 
reprefented in Plate VIII. fig. 7. 
The marquis’s coronet is made like the preceding, of a 
gold rim enriched with je;wel.s, charged with four draw¬ 
berry-leaves, and as many pearls alternately ; to (how 
that his rapk is between the duke and the earl. See 
Plate IX. fig. 8. 
An earl’s coronet is a circle of.gold, with the cap and 
-ermine turning up like,'the ; others, but diflingiulhed by 
eight pyramidal points, each fupporting a large pearl 
at the top, the interdices being adorned with drawberry- 
leayes, 
