HERALDRY. 
France, furrounded with the collar of the order of the 
golden fleece. 
Fig. 7. The arms of Portugal, Thefe are, argent, 
five inefcutcheons crofsways azure, each charged with 
five befants in faltire, within a bordure gules, charged 
with feven towers or caftles or, creft on a full-faced and 
open helmet, out of a crown a demi-dragon iffuing, 
wings elevated or. Supporters, two dragons, holding 
each a banner of the arms. 
Fig. 8. The arms of the kingdom of Naples : argent 
feme of fleurs-de-lis or, a label of three points gules. 
Fig. 9. The armorial enfigns of Poland : quarterly ; 
1 and 4, gules, an eagle difplayed argent, crowned, 
beaked, and membered, or, the pinions banded of the 
fame, for Poland ; 2 and 3, gules, a cavalier armed 
argent, holding in his right hand a fword eredfed proper, 
and on his left arm a fTiield azure charged with a patri¬ 
archal crofs, for Lithuania. Over all an efcutcheon 
per pale. Firft patty per fefs fable and argent, two 
fwordseredl faltireways proper, fecond barry of eight or 
and fable, the fegment of a crofs flory in bend vert, for 
Saxony. 
Fig. 10. The arms of Sweden: Quarterly; firft and 
fourth azure, three crowns or, for Sweden : fecond and 
third bendy finifter wayy argent and azure, a lion or 
crowned gules, for Gothland. On an inefcutcheon, 
quarterly: 1. Lozengy in bend argent, andazure for 
Bavaria. 2. Or, a lion fable, armed argent, langued 
gules, for Juliers. 3. Gules, an efcarbuncle or, in the 
centre an efcutcheon argent, for Cleves. 4. Argent, a 
lion double-queued, crowned and armed or, langued 
azure, for Mons. Overall, in an inefcutcheon fable, 
a lion crowned or, armed and langued gules, for the 
palatinate of the Rhine. Supporters, two lions. 
Fig. 11. Arms of Denmark. Gules, a crofs argent, 
in the firfl: quarter or, feme of hearts gules, three lions . 
paflant gardant azure, for Denmark. 2. Gules, a lion 
rampant crowned or, holding a battle-axe proper, for 
Norway. 3. Azure three crowns or, for Sweden. 4. 
. Or, feme of hearts gules a lion azure, for Gothia. Over 
all an inefcutcheon quarterly. 1. Or, two lions paflant 
in pale azure, for Slefwick. 2. Gules, three nettle- 
leaves charged with an efcutcheon argent, for Holftein. 
3. Gules, a fwan argent ducally gorged or, for Stor- 
marfen.. 4. Gules, an armed knight argent, holding a 
fword proper; for Ditmarfen ; and over all again, argent 
two bars gules for Delmenhorfl, impaling azure-a crofs 
patee or, lor Jutland. Supporters, two favages crowm- 
ed and wreathed around the body with ivy-leaves pro¬ 
per, armed with knotty clubs, alfo proper. 
Fig. 12. The emperor of all the Ruffian bears, an ea¬ 
gle with two heads difplayed or, charged on the bread 
with an efcutcheon gules, a cavalier naked argent, hold¬ 
ing a lance, with which he pierces a dragon proper. 
Over the eagle are three crowns, the middle one impe¬ 
rial, for the empire of Ruflia. 
Fig. 13. The arms of Pruflia. Thefe are compofed 
of twentyrfeven quarterings, wvhicli are diflindtly repre- 
fented in the engraving. 
Fig. 14. Arms of Sardinia. Argent, a crofs gules, 
between four moors’ heads proper, wreathed of the field, 
for ancient Arragon and Sardinia. Over all an efcut¬ 
cheon of twelve coats, as delineated on the plate. 
Fig. 15. Arms of the grand fignior *of Conftantinople, 
emperor of the Turks. Azure, an increfcent argent; 
furmounted with a turban enriched with pearls and dia¬ 
monds, uhder a double open crown. 
Fig. 16. The arms of the (even united provinces of 
Holland, were, for the general eftates, gules a lion ram¬ 
pant or, holding in the dexter paw a fword ereCt and 11a, 
ked proper, in the finifler feven 'arrows alfo proper. 
For a more extenfive defeription of thefe arms, fee Bp. 
yer’s Theatre ot Honour and Nobility, Edmondfon’s 
Complete. Body of Heraldry, Les Soverains du Monde, 
&c. The different blazonry which may be perceived 
451 
in the feveral treatifes above-mentioned, is- owing to 
the manner in which the fovereigns-to which the arms 
belong chofe fucceflively to alter them, according to 
circumftances of time and of place. 
Of MARSHALLING or QUARTERING ARMS. 
Marfhalling coat-armour confifts in the arrangement 
of armorial enfigns. Firfl, to fliow the rank and condi¬ 
tion of the bearer; fecondlv, the connexion of one fa¬ 
mily with another by marriage; and, thirdly, the re- 
prefentation of feveral families, by combining their re- 
fpedtive bearings, in one fhield, according to the prio¬ 
rity of their acceflion, denominated quarterings . Women, 
with the exception of fovereign prince lies, bear their 
arms in a lozenge. A maiden lady in this manner bears, 
her paternal arms only;; and a widow impales them witli 
thofe of her deceafed hulband. 
The manner of impaling arms is, by dividing the fliield 
in half, and placing the bearings of the hulband on the 
dexter fide, and thofe of the lady on the fmifter. We 
find, however, among the earlieft inftanees of ma.rfhal- 
ling arms in this manner, that the two Ihields were di¬ 
midiated, and the dexter half of the hulband’s arms be¬ 
ing conjoined with that of the finifler half of the wife’s, 
thus formed a fliield of their united bearings. This 
mode has been in ufe, in this kingdom, fo early as 
the reign of Edward I. for it appears, in Sandford’s 
Genealogical Hiftory, p. 133, that Margaret, daughter 
of Philip the Hardy king of France, upon her mar¬ 
riage wit-h the Engliflt monarch, bore on her feal the 
arms of England fo dimidiated with thofe of France; 
which is related as the firft inftance where a queen of 
England bore her paternal arms in the fame fhield with 
thqfe of her hulband. It appears alfo that the kings of 
France frequently bore the arms of Navarre impaled in 
. this manner; which the French heralds called accolle. 
This method of impaling arms by dimidiation, though 
continued in France from the ekrlieft periods, down to 
the moment when the infatuated fpirit of revolution 
broke out in that unhappy country, and deftroyed every 
veftige of armorial honours, and the diftiiidtions of fami¬ 
lies rendered illuftrious by the patriotifm of their pro¬ 
genitors ; yet it does not appear that it was long adopt¬ 
ed in this country. Indeed, if we look at many of the 
bearings of the nobility of this realm, we fhall find, that 
dimidiating their armorial enfigns in this manner., would 
fo materially alter them, that it would puzzle an he¬ 
raldic eye to difeover to what family they refpeftively 
appertained. For inftance, if we dimidiate the arms of 
the illuftrious family of Vere, being quarterly gules and or , 
in the firft quarter a mullet argent ; and impale them in the 
manner above deferibed, with thofe of the noble family 
of Say, being quarterly or and gules, it would form a fliield 
divided per fiefs gules and or, in the dexter chief point a mullet 
argent , and thus appear a Angle coat. Inftanees of a finii- 
lar nature would frequently occur, fo as to confufe the 
.obferver, and thus prevent the original intention of ar¬ 
morial infignia, namely, to fliow at once the family and 
condition of the bearer, as above-mentioned. The Eng- . 
lift heralds have therefore very properly difeontinued 
this cuftom of impaling arms by dimidiation in flowing 
a matrimonial connection. Another n\ode has been 
pointed out by fame heraldic writers, which is, by di¬ 
midiating the arms of the hulband, and impaling the 
dexter half with the entire coat of the wife ; we do not 
find, however, any inftance where this rule has been fol¬ 
lowed in England ; if, therefore, it ever, exifted, it is 
now entirely obfolete. 
It is proper to remark that, according to the prefent 
mode of impaling arms, the entire bearings of the huf- 
band and wife are conjoined, except in fitch cafes where 
either or both of the coats are unfounded with, bor- 
dures; in the event of which, the bordure goes no far¬ 
ther than around the edge of the fliield, if the bor- 
dured coat is impaled. See Plate XI. Thus it feme. 
, times 
