452 HERA 
times happens that part of fhe bearings are omitted, 
which would be the cafe in impaling the coat of Wick¬ 
ham of the county of Oxford, which is ermine a bor- 
dure gules charged with eight mullets or. 
Impaled .arms are alfo borne by ecclefiaflical as well 
as hy civil officers, fuels as archbilhops, bifhops, kings ; 
of arms, &c. The fame principle of marlhalling is here 
obferved, with theexeeption, however, that the arms 
annexed to the office, both ecclefiaflical and civil, are 
placed on the dexterftide of the lhield ; thus precluding 
the poffibility of ffiowing the armorial en'figns of the wife 
ef the bifliop or officer in the fame (hield with thole ap¬ 
pertaining to his office. An additional ffiield is in this 
cafe placed on the finifter fide of the firll, fiiowing the 
arms of the wife impaled with thofe of her hulband. 
Another method of (bowing a connection between two 
•families by marriage, which has been adopted its Eng¬ 
land from an early period, is by placing the armorial 
enfigtss otVthe lady on an cfcvtcheon of pretence, over the 
arms of her hufband ; which fisows, at once, that fhe is 
either the reprefentative or coheir of her tather, and 
thus tranfmitting the armorial enfigns to her pofterity. 
We frequently -find in the achievements ot the ancient 
nobility of this realm, particularly from the time ot Ed¬ 
ward III. to the reign of Henry V 11 . the arms of the 
lady quartered with thofe of her hulband ; but in fuels 
cafes, only, where the ladies inherited honours by which 
their hufbands were defignated ; for example, we find 
that Richard Nevill (eldelt fon by the fecond filter ot 
Ralph the ’firft earl of Weltmorland), afterwards earl 
.of Salilbury and knight of tlie molt noble order of the 
garter, upon his marriage with Alice, the daughter and 
heir of Thomas Montecute earl of Salilbury, placed the 
arms of his -lady quarterly in the firll quarter with 
his own, which bearings were To continued by bis le- 
jeondfon John, afterwards earl of Northumberland, and 
marquisnf Montecute, K.G. although he married the 
daughter and heir of fir Edmund Englethospe, knight, 
whole arms, according to Afhnsole, he bore on an ef- 
cutcheon of pretence over thofe above-mentioned. But 
the eldelt fon of the laid earl, Richard, the great earl 
•of Warwick, fo renowned for his valour, following the 
principle of his father, bore on his ffiield .the arms of 
the earldom of Warwick, incorporated with his pa¬ 
ternal arms. The foregoing examples of quartering 
.the arms of wives in the firft quarter, will be lufficient 
to lhow that this mode was not adopted fo much to 
llsow the matrimonial connection of the bearers as 
the inheritance of honours by which they were defig- 
■nated, or which became veiled in the family ; and there¬ 
fore were borne in this way as feudal coats, as it the per- 
fons fo bearing them were entitled thereto by defeent. 
At a former period, viz. in the time of Henry V. we 
find that Hugffi Stafford, K.G. lord Bourchier jure uxons, 
quartered the arms of Bourchier : he died without itlue, 
leaving his widow, who remarried to fir Lewis Robefart, 
K.G. who became lord Bourchier; and not only quar¬ 
tered the arms of his lady’s family, but alfo took the 
crelt, as appears by his garter-plate ; to evince no doubt, 
by this confpicuous and well-known decoration, that he 
held the barony of Bourchier. 
Quartering amis-, to (how the reprefentation of feyeral 
•families, appears to have been adopted fo early as the 
time of Edward 111 . and we are told that John Haftings, 
-fecond earl of Pembroke, who died in the 49th year of 
•that reign, was the firft fubjedft in England who quartered 
arms. He bore quarterly, firft and fourth of a maunch gules 
for Mailings; fecond and third ,barry of ten argent and azure, 
an orle of as many martlets gules, for Valence; the latter in 
ri°ht of his great grandmother. Ifabel, who was fitter 
and co-heir of Aymer de Valence earl of Pembroke, and 
in whofe right he obtained that earldom. 
The art of quartering arms is .undoubtedly an admi¬ 
rable means of ihowing, at one view, the reprefentation 
of feveral different families; we cannot, therefore, be 
LDRY, 
furprifed to find that it was reforted to at fo early "a 
period as the fourteenth century, when armorial infignia 
were held in Inch high repute; and a nobleman, proud 
of the honours of his anceftors, could adopt no means to 
r'ecal to the mind of a beholder the warlike deeds of 
his renowned progenitors more ftrikingly, than by pla¬ 
cing their refpettive arms on his own fhini.ng buckler. 
The annexed table, or genealogical fcheme, depifted 
on Plate XI. will fhow the manner of marftialling quar¬ 
tering R, according to the principle claffically adopted. 
John lord Haftings of Abergavenny, (the grandfather 
of John eari of Pembroke above-mentioned,) who died 
in the iSth year of the reign' of Edward II. is there 
exhibited as the inheritor of ten quarterings, viz. 
fix paternally, and four by the inheritance of his mother. 
The acquifttion of thefe quarterings is alfo fltown in the 
fltields of the refpeftive marriages. 
• The manner of placing the feveral coats in the fnield 
of the reprefentative of the refpedtive families nnift be 
next explained.—Firft then, we take the paternal coat ot 
Mailings;—We next take the arms of the firft marriage, in 
that line, which we find, to be with Ada, daughter and at 
length co-heir of David earl of Huntingdon, which not 
only entitles the fon of Henry lord Haftings, the firft of 
that family mentioned in the table, to the arms of his 
mother, but alfo to thofe ofthis maternal grandmother 
Maud, daughter and at length co-heir of Hugh Kevilioc 
earl ot Chefter. Thus, having found the arms acquired 
by the firft marriage of Haftings, we pafs td the fecond, 
which appears to be with Joan, daughter and at length 
heir of William de Cantilupe, which Joan, in right of 
her mother, Eva, daughter and co-heir of William de' 
Brewfe, is entitled to the arms of Brewfe ; and by her 
maternal grandmother, being co-heir to William Mar. 
fhal earl of Pembroke, gives her a right to bear his 
arms.—In this manner John lord Haftings, who died 6' 
Edw. II. becomesthereprefentative, firft of Huntingdon; 
fecond Kevilioc, third Cantilupe, fourth Brewfe, and 
fifth Marftial ; and as filch, becomes entitled to bear 
their refpective arms quartered with his own accord¬ 
ingly. We next afeertain what arms John, the laft lord 
Haftings mentioned in the table, is entitled to in virtue 
of his becoming the reprefentative of his mother Ifabel 
de Valence, daughter, and at length heir, of William 
earl ot Pembroke.—By the rule above pointed out, we 
firft take the arms of the firft heirefs, in the male line of 
Valence, which-we find to be Ifabel, daughter and heir 
of Aymer count of Angoulefme.—The fecond heirefs 
is Jane, daughter, and at length , heir, of Warren de 
.Monchency, who, in right of her mother Joan, daughter 
and co-heir of William earl of Pembroke, is alfo enti¬ 
tled to the bearings, of that family'.—Thus Ifabel the 
wife ot John lord Haftings, is entitled, firft to Valence, 
fecond Angoulefme, third Monchency, and fourth 
Mai-fhal;—fo that, according to the above-mentioned 
fyltem of quartering, John lord Haftings, the laft men¬ 
tioned in the table, is entitled, firft to all the quarterings 
which his father inherited, and fecondly to all thole 
his mother conveyed to her pofterity by her heirfhip; 
making together a fhield of ten quarterings, as before 
obferved. In this manner an immenfe number of quar- 
tcrings may be acquired ; all of which of right belong 
to the fons and daughters refpedtively of the perfon 
entitled thereto; but which cannot be allowed, unlefs 
he has vetted in him the heirfhip of the feveral families 
through which they are derived. 
A man marrying an heirefs of a co-heirefs, as before' 
obferved, (after the deceafe of her father) bears her. 
paternal arms, with the quarterings belonging thereto, 
in an efcutcheon of pretence, over his own.—A; man 
cannot, according to‘the rules of heraldry, fo place the 
arms of his wife during her father’s life-time, although 
file is heir expedtant of him; nor can a lady, in Inch 
cafe, quarter the arms of her mother, although an heirefs, 
during her life-time. It fometimes happens that a lady 
