468 HERA 
Bedford 5 Thorney, in the i(le of Ely; Cheneys, in the 
county of Bucks ; and Taviftock Houfe, in Devonlhire. 
Town-houfe, Stanhope-ftreet. 
Armorial Bearings. —See the annexed Engraving; 
Motto.. — Ckefarafara .—“What will be, will be.’? 
CAVENDISH, DUKE OF DEVONSHIRE. 
WILLIAM CAVENDISH, Duke of DEVON¬ 
SHIRE, Marquis of Hartington, Earl of Devonfhire* 
Baron Cavendifh of Hardwick, Knight of the Garter* 
and Lord Lieutenant of the county of Derby; LL.D. 
born December 24, 1748 ; fucceeded his father William, 
the late duke, Odtober 2, 1764; married June 5, 1774, 
lady Georgiana Spencer, fifter to George-John earl 
Spencer ; and by her (who died March 30, 1806,) had 
iffue, Georgiana, born July 12, 1783; married March 
at, 1801, George vifcount Morpeth, fon of Frederic 
earl of Carlifle, by lady Caroline Gower, daughter of 
Granville marquis of Stafford ; Henrietta, born Augult 
X2, 1785; William-George, marquis of Hartington, heir 
apparent, born May 21, 1790. 
The family of Cavendifh is defcended from Robert 
de Gernon, one of the Norman chiefs, who came over 
to England with William the Conqueror. Roger de 
Gernon, in the reign of Edward II. had four fons, all 
of whom took the furname of Cavendifh, from the lord- 
fhip of Cavendifh, in the county of Suffolk, of which 
their mother had been heirefs. From the fecond of thefe 
fons defcended Thomas Cavendifh, -the celebrated cir¬ 
cumnavigator; who, attempting a fecond voyage to the 
South Seas, died off the coafi of the Portuguefe fet.tle- 
ment of Brafil, in 15.91. 
John, eldeft fon of Roger de Gernon, was conffituted, 
October 29,1366, lord chief juffice of the court of king’s 
bench ; and, being fent into Suffolk to quell the infur- 
redtion of Wat Tyler, was beheaded by the rebels In 
the town of Bury St. Edmund’s, in 1381. 'William, 
fifth in defcent from lord chief juffice Cavendifh, was 
gentleman ufher to cardinal Wolfey, in the reign of 
Henry VIII. and, after the death of the cardinal, was 
employed in various fervices by that monarch. He mar¬ 
ried Elizabeth, daughter of John Hardwicke, of Hard- 
wicke, in the county of Derby, efquire, at whofe per- 
fuafion he purchafed feveral eftates in that county, and 
built Chatfworth Houfe, the principal refidence of the 
dukes of Devonfhire.. After his death his lady married 
George, fixth earl of Shrewfbury, in whofe charge Mary, 
queen of Scots refided as prifoner at Chatfworth Houfe 
for feventeen years. 
Charles, his younger fon, married Catharine, daugh¬ 
ter of Cuthbert lord Ogle; by which lady he,had iffue 
William, created, in 1620, baron Ogle, and vifcount 
Mansfield, in tfie county of Nottingham ; in 1628, baron 
Balfover, in the county of Northumberland; in 1664, 
baron Bothal and Keppel, and marquis of Newcaffle; 
and in 1665, earl, of Ogle, and duke of Newcaffle. He 
was Angularly active in the caufe of Charles I. and fuf- 
fered greatly in confequence of his loyalty. He married 
Margaret, fifter to lord Lucas of Colchefter in the 
county of Effex ; by which lady he had iffue four fons 
and four daughters, and the infcription upon their tomb 
is quoted in the Spedtator, viz. That “all the fons were 
valiant, and all the daughters virtuous.” The duke 
and duchefs of Newcaffle were both of them authors; 
the duke writing a folio treatife upon Hprfemanfhip, 
and the duchefs five folio volumes of Poems and other 
Mifcellanies. He died December 25, 1676. Henry, fe- 
cond duke of Newcaffle, his foil* oppofed the fettle- 
ment of the crown uponWilliam and Mar.y, and refufed 
taking the oaths, This title and family of dukes of 
Newcaffle became extindl at his ; death, July 26, 16,91. 
William, elder fon of William and Elizabeth, was by 
James I. created baron Cavendifh, and fome years after 
earl of Devonfhire. He was connedted with the earl of 
Northampton and others in the fettlement of a colony 
LDRY. 
at the i(lands of Bermudas. William, fecond earl of 
Devonlhire, his fon, is chiefly diftinguiftied by the cir- 
cumftance of having had the celebrated Hobbes for his 
preceptor, who gave a very fplendid charadler of his 
pupil after his death, in the dedication prefixed to his 
tranflation of Thucydides. William', third earl of De¬ 
vonfhire, his fon, who was all'o educated by Mr.Hobbes, 
early engaged in the party of Charles I. but upon the 
breaking out of the civil war retired to the continent* 
and was only induced to return by the peremptory order 
of the parliament. Charles, his brother, was lieute¬ 
nant-general of the horde under the marquis of New- 
caftle, and was killed at Gainfborough. Their mother, 
daughter of Edward lord Bruce of the kingdom of Scot¬ 
land, was alfo indefatigable in the fervice of the royal 
party, and correfponded with general Monk at the time 
of the reftoration. 
William, lord Cavendifh, his fon, ferved when young 
•in the fleet of the duke of York. He was the infepa- 
rable friend of William lord Ruflel, and was extremely 
zealous in promoting the whig-meafures of thofe times. 
When lord Ruffe! was under fentence of death, lord 
Cavendifh offered to change clothes with him in the 
prifon, and to remain there while he made his efcape ; 
which his friend as generoufly refufed. He exhibited 
another inftance of perfonal attachment in his condudt 
towards count Koningfmark, who, being acquitted of 
the murder of Mr. Thomas'T-hyrine, the intimate friend 
of lord Cavendilh, was by that nobleman challenged to 
an open combat; but the trial did not take place. 
H iving fucceeded, upon the death of his father, 1684, 
to the title of earl of Devonfhire, he was confidered as 
particularly obnoxious to James II. and was, by the 
influence of the court, fined in a penalty of 30,000!. for 
an affault upon colonel Culpeper, and committed to the 
king’s bench prifon, from whence he efcaped. Upon 
the firft alarm of the intended invafion of the prince of 
Orange, he was fent'for to court, but refufed his at¬ 
tendance. He concerted meafures with the earl of Dan- 
by, lord Delaware, fir Scroop Howe, and others, for 
bringing about the revolution ; and, as foon as he heard 
of the landing of king William, he marched firft to Der¬ 
by, then to Nottingham, at which laft place the princefs 
Anne put herfelf under his protection. For his great 
fervices he was, in 1689, appointed lord fteward of the 
houfhold, which office he retained till his death; and 
on May 12, 1704, was created marquis of Hartington, 
and duke of Devonfhire. He flood almoft fingle among 
the whigs in oppolition to the attainder of fir John Fen. 
wick. He died Auguft 18, 1707,; and by his own order 
the following infcription was put on his monument; 
“ Willielmus, dux Devon, bonorum principum fidelis 
fubditus; inimicus et invifus ty-rannis.” By himChalf- 
worth Houfe was magnificently rebuilt. 
William, fecond duke of Devonfhire, his Ton, was 
upon the death of his father declared lord fteward of 
the houfhold, which office he refigned upon the change 
of miniftry in 1710. Upon the acceffion of George I. 
he was again conffituted lord fteward of the houfhold ; 
and, having refigned that office, was, July 6, 1716, ap¬ 
pointed lord prefident of the council, but retired in 
April 1717. He was appointed a fecond time lord pre¬ 
fident of the council, March 27, 1725. He married Ra¬ 
chel, daughter of William lord Ruffel; by which lady 
he had iffue, 1. William, third duke of Devonfhire. 
2. Charles, married to Anne, daughter of Henry Grey 
duke of Kent ; by which lady he had iffue, Frederic; 
and Henry, one of the truftees of the Britifh Mufeum, 
aqd fellow of the royal and antiquarian focieties. Lord 
Charles Cavendifh died April 28, 1783 ; and the duke 
his father, June 4, 1729. , 
William, third duke of'Devonfhire, was, June 12, 
1731, conffituted lord keeper of the privy feal • and, 
having refigned that office, was, in April 1733, ap¬ 
pointed lord, fteward of the houfehold. He exchanged 
this 
