481 
HERA 
which illuflrious family his. pofterity have inherited their 
dignities and eflates. 
The family of Temple is {'aid to be aefcended from 
Leofric earl of Mercia, whofe wife, the celebrated lady 
Godiva, is reported to have rode naked through the 
flreets of Coventry in the reign of Edward the Confeffor, 
to obtain from her hufband forne immunities for that 
ancient city. Sir William Temple, in the reign of queen 
Elizabeth, was patronifed by fir Philip Sidney, whom 
he accompanied as his fecretary in his expedition into 
Flanders, and who expired in his arms in 1586. He af¬ 
terwards became fecretary to Robert Devereux earl of 
Lffex; and, being perfecu.ted by the party who occa- 
fioned the fall of that nobleman, he retired into Ireland, 
and accepted the provoftfhip of Trinity-college, Dublin. 
His works were publifhed in Latin in 1581, and he died 
in 1626. 
Sir John Temple, his fon, was mailer of the rolls in 
the kingdom of Ireland in the reigns of Charles I. and II. 
and he expofed himfelf to the ill-will of both parties in 
the civil war by his attachment to moderate meafures. 
He pnblifiled a hifiory of the rebellion in Ireland, and 
died in 1677. He had ifiue, 1, Sir William Temple, 
baronet, a perfon of the mod diftinguiftied political and 
literary reputation. He was the friend of John de Witte, 
grand penlionary of Holland, and was the moll upright 
and refpedtable of the counfellors of Charles II. He 
died in January 1698. 2. Sir John Temple, attorney- 
general for the kingdom of Ireland, who died March 10, 
1704, and wh'ofe fon, Henry, was created, March 12, 
1722, vifcount Palmerfton, of the kingdom of Ireland. 
Thomas Temple, firft coufin to fir William, the friend 
of fir Philip Sidney, by an elder brother, was created a 
baronet by James I. May 22, 1611. Sir Richard Tem- 
le, his grandfon, made a figure in the reign of Charles 
I. and adhered to the party who promoted the bill of 
exclufion. He had ifiue, 1. Richard. 2. Hefter, mar¬ 
ried to Richard Grenville, of Wotton, in the county*of 
Buckingham, efquire. 3. Chriftian, married to fir Tho¬ 
mas Lyttelton, of Hagley, in the county of Leicefter, 
baronet, by whom Ihe had ifiue George lord Lyttelton, 
author of the Hifiory of HenryTI. This family became 
extindl in Thomas, fecond lord Lyttelton, in 1776. 
Sir Richard Temple, fon of fir Richard, ferved under 
the duke of Marlborough in the wars of queen Anne, 
and was created by George I. on the 19th of October 
1714, baron Cobham of Cobham in the county of Kent, 
and five days after conftituted envoy extraordinary and 
plenipstentiary to the emperor Charles VI. He was 
farther created, in 1718, vifcount and baron Cobham,. 
with remainder to his two fillers. This nobleman is ce¬ 
lebrated in a very high drain of panegyric by Mr. Pope-, 
in his Moral Epiftles, He died September 13, 1749. 
Upon his deceafe, Hefter, the reiidl of Richard Gren¬ 
ville, el'q. fucceeded to his titles, and in the lame year 
was railed to the dignity of countefs Temple. She had 
ifiue, by Richard Grenville, efq, 1. Richard, firft earl 
Temple. 2. George, who was appointed treafurer of 
the navy April 6, 1754. He refigned that office in No¬ 
vember 1755 > was reftored to it in November 1756; and,. 
having refigned it a fecond time April 6, 1757, was again 
reinftated June 27, id the fame year. He exchanged that 
appointment May 28, 17^2, for the office of. one of his 
in a jelly’s principal fecretaries of Hate; and was, October 
6, in the lame year, appointed firlt lord commiffioner of 
the admiralty. He quitted his feat at the board of ad¬ 
miralty April 16, 1763, for the appointments of firlt 
lord commiffioner of the treafury and chancellor and 
under treafurer of the exchequer, which he refigned 
July 10, 1765. He married Elizabeth, daughter of fir 
William Wyndham,'of Orchard Wyndham, inthe coun¬ 
ty of Somerfet, baronet; by which lady he had illue, 
George-Nugent, prefent and firft marquis of Bucking¬ 
ham; Thomas, born December 31, 1755; Elizabeth, 
born October 24, 1759, and married to Charles earl Stan- 
L D R Y, 
hope; William-Wyndham, born Oflober 25, 1759, who 
was created a peer of Great Britain by the title of baron 
Grenville; Heller, born November 23, 1760, and mar¬ 
ried to Matthew earl Fortefcue; and Catharine, born in 
1761., and married to Richard Aldworth Nevile, of Bil- 
lingbeare, in the county of Berks,^ efquire. 3. James, 
who married Mary, daughter of James Smith, of Harding, 
in the county of Hertford, efquire; by which lady he 
, had ifiue James, fince created baron Glaftonbury, and 
was commiffioned to negociate with the prince of Orange, 
and the duke of Brunfwic, commander in chief oLtlie 
forces of the king of Prufiia, refpedting the diftenfions 
of the republic of the United Provinces. James Gren¬ 
ville, the father, died September 14, 1783.. 4. Henry, 
who married Margaret, daughter of Joleph Banks, of 
Revefby Abbey., in the county'of Lincoln, efquire ; by 
which lady he had ifiue Louifa, born Auguft 10, 1758. 
He died April 22, 1784. 5. Hefter, who married Wil¬ 
liam Pitt, firft earl of Chatham ; and by his prefent ma«- 
jelly was created baronefs Chatham, in the county ot 
Kent. Hefter, countefs Temple, grandmother ■ of the 
prefent marquis, died October 6, 1752. 
Richard, firft earl Temple, is belt known as the inti¬ 
mate friend and political colleague of William, firft. ear) 
of Chatham. He was, November 20, 175.6, appointed 
firft lord commiffioner of the admiralty, which office he 
refigned in April, 1757. He was farther conftituted, 
June 30, in the fame year, lord keeper of the privy leal, 
and refigned October 9, 1761. 
Creations. —Baron Cobham, and vifcount Cobham, 
May 23, 1718. Earl Temple, Ottobei* 18, 1749. Mar¬ 
quis of Buckingham, November 30, 1784. 
Residences.— -Stowe Park, in the county of Buck¬ 
ingham; and Gosfield Park, in the county of Eftex'.— 
Town-houfe, Pall-mall. 
Armorial Bearings. —Seethe annexed Engraving. 
Motto.— Tcvipla quam dileBal —“ How delightful are 
thy temples!”. 
PETTY, MARQUIS OF LANSDOWNE. 
JOHN-HENRY PETTY, Marquis of LANS¬ 
DOWNE, Earl of Wycombe, Vifcount Caine and Caly- 
ftone, Baron Wycombe, in England; Earl of Shelburne, 
Vifcount Fitz-Maurice, Baron Dunkerron, in Ireland; 
born December 6, 1765; fucceeded his father the late 
marquis, May 7, 1805; married May 27,1805, lady 
Gifford, relidt of-fir Luke Gifford, bart. 
The family of Petty derives its origip from Sir Wil¬ 
liam Petty, knight, of Romfey, in the county of South¬ 
ampton. He difcovered an early attachment to litera¬ 
ture, and, during the purfuit.of his (Indies upon the 
continent, contradled' a friendffiip with the celebrated 
Mr. Thomas Hobbes, of Malmefbury. He was clerk of 
the council in the kingdom of Ireland, and fecretary to 
Oliver Cromwell in the office of lord lieutenant; and 
was engaged in a fuijvey of that kingdom, drawn with 
great accuracy, and which occafioned a conliderable re¬ 
volution in its political affairs. Fie was alfo one of the 
firft members of the Royal Society,'and publifhed a book 
of confiderable reputation, intitled Political Arithme¬ 
tic. He died December 16, 1687 ; and his widow Eli¬ 
zabeth, daughter of fir Hardrefs YYaller, of Caftletown, 
in the county of Limeric, knight, was created, Decem¬ 
ber 6, 1688, baronefs of Shelburne, in the county of 
Wexford, for life. By this lady iir William Petty had 
ifiue, 1. Charles, created baron of Shelburne.. 2. Hen¬ 
ry; created after the death of his brother, June 16, 1699, 
baron of Shelburne, and, April 29, 1719, vifcount Dun¬ 
kerron, in the county of Kerry, and earl of Shelburne. 
Fie died April 17, 1751. 3. Anne', married to Thomas 
F ltzniaunce, firlt earl of Kerry, of the kingdom of Ire¬ 
land. John, the youngefl fon of this marriage, inherited 
the opulent fortune of fir William Petty ; and, having 
exchanged the fairiily name of Fitzihaurice for that of 
Petty, was railed by George II. October 7> i 75 i, and 
June 
