482 HERA 
June 26, 1753, to the fame titles which had been enjoy¬ 
ed by his maternal uncle. 
The family of Fitzmaurice is derived from Other, a 
rich and powerful lord in the reign of Allred the Great, 
w ho descended from anceftors in the kingdom ot Nor¬ 
way. Walter Fitz-Other, in the reign of William the 
Conqueror, had Blue, 1. William, furnamed Windfor, 
a need or to the prefent earl of Plymouth. 2. Gerald, 
who commanded with fuccefs againft the Welch in the 
reign of Henry II. and who married Nelta, filter to Grif¬ 
fith, prince of South Wales; by whom he had ifl'ue 
three Ions, William, Maurice, and David, who was ap¬ 
pointed hilltop of St. David’s, 1147, and died about the 
year 1176. William and Maurice were among the prin- 
cipal perfons who went out in the expedition of Rich¬ 
ard, furnamed Strongbbw, earl of Pembroke, in the 
reign of Henry II. for the eonqueft of Ireland. Mau¬ 
rice, who aflumed the name of Fitzgerald, was anceltor 
to the prefent duke of Leinfter, and to the extinct fami¬ 
ly of the Fitzgeralds, earls of Dcfmond. William, his 
elder brother, had ilfue, 1. Raymond. 2. William, an- 
ceftbr to the Gerards, baron Gerard of Brandon, and 
earls of Macclesfield ; and the Gerards, baron Gerard 
of Bromley. 
Raymond appeared with great advantage among the 
perfons who effected the eonqueft of Ireland. He was 
deputed by his fellow-ad venturers to juftify their con¬ 
duct to Henry II. He relieved Strongbow earl of Pem'- 
broke, who was cooped up in. Waterford by the inhabi¬ 
tants, who were on the point of putting him to death ; 
and he was chofen, upon the deceafe of that nobleman, 
chief governor of Ireland. Maurice, his fan, fixed his 
refidence in a part of the county ol Kerry, denomi¬ 
nated from him Clanmaurice ; and at the fame time his 
pofterity alfumed the name of Fitzmaurice. He had 
ilfue, Thomas,^ who firft bore the (tile of lord Kerry, 
baron of Lixnaw, in the county of Kerry. 
Maurice, lord Kerry, his defeendant, having a dif- 
pute with Dermot Macarthy, commonly called Prince 
of Defmond, killed him upon the bench before the judge 
of aflize\ at Trallee, in 1325. For this rafli action he 
was tried and attainted by the parliament of Ireland, 
but not put to death ; and the family honours were re- 
ftored to his.fon. Edmund, eleventh lord Kerry, his 
-defeendant, was by Henry VIII. 1537, created baron 
■Odorney, and vifeount Kifmaule ; but he died without 
itfue, and thefe titles expired with him. 
Tliomas, fixteenth lord Kerry, his brother, deputed 
Patrick, his fun, afterwards feventeenth lord Kerry, on 
an embally into England to the court of queen Mary. 
He had afterwards'an employment in the court of queen 
Elizabeth, with whom he was in great favour; but 
long before her death he returned to his native country. 
Thomas, eighteenth lord Kerry, his foil, joined in the 
rebellion of O’Neil earl of Tyrone. He was admitted to 
make his fubmifiion in the reign of James I. Two of his 
•fons, RobeVt and Richard, ferved with great reputation 
under Charles I. in the civil war ; and the latter ol them 
loll his life in the battle of Newbury. Thomas, twenty- 
firlt lord Kerry, was by George I. January 17, 172-3, 
created vifeount Clanmaurice in the county of Kerry, 
and earl of Kerry ; and had iffiue, by Anne, daughter ot 
lir William Petty, knight, William, fecond earl of 
Kerry ; Thomas; and John, firft earl of Shelburne. 
William, fecond earl of Kerry, married Gertrude, 
daughter of Richard Lambart, fourth earl of Cavan ; 
by which lady he had i(Tue, 1. Francis-Thomas, third 
earl of Kerry, born June 15, 1740. 2. Anna-Marga- 
retta, tjorn October 6, 1741. Earl William, died April 
4, 1747. John, younger fon of Thomas firft earl of 
Kerry, was by George If. created baron of Dunkerron, 
vifeount Fitzmaurice, and earl of Shelburne in the 
county of Wexford, in the kingdom of Ireland ; and 
lord Wycombe, baron of Chipping Wycombe, in the 
kingdom of Great Britain. He married, February 16, 
L D R Y. 
1734, Mary, fecond daughter of the honourable William 
Fitzmaurice, of Gallane, in Kerry, by Deborah, daugh¬ 
ter of fir John Brookes, baronet, of York ; and had ifiuc, 
William, vifeount Fitzmaurice and Thomas, who mar¬ 
ried, December 21, 1777, Mary O’Brien, countefsof Ork¬ 
ney, and died November 5, 1793, leaving iilue, Thomas 
vifeount Kirkwall. The earl died May 14, 1761, and 
was fucceeded by his eldeft fon, William, firft marquis 
of Lanldowne, born May 2, 1737 ; married firft, Febru.ary 
3, 1765, Sophia Carteret, daughter of John earl Gren¬ 
ville, by Sophia- Fermor, daughter of Thomas, firft earl 
of Po-nifret; and by her, who died January 5, 1771, had 
ilfue, John, the prefent marquis ; and William, who died 
January 27, 1778; the marquis married, fecondly, July 
19, 177.9, Louifa Fitzpatrick, daughter of John, firft earl 
of UpperOlfory, by whom he had iiTue, Henry, who filled 
the office of chancellor of the exchequer, born July 2, 
1780; and Louifa, who died young. The marquis was 
appointed in 1766, and 1782, one of his majefty ’$ principal 
(ecretaries of (late, and in 1782, firft oommi'ffioner of the 
treafury, add dying May 7, 1805, was fucceeded by his 
eldeft fon, John, the prefent and fecond marquis. v 
Creations. —Baronand vifeount, Odtober 7, 1751 ; 
Earl of Shelburne, June 6, 1753.; Baron Wycombe, 
May 17, 1760; Vifeount Caine, Earl of Wycombe, and 
Marquis ot Landldowne, November 30, 1784. 
Residences. —Bow Wood, near Caine, in the county 
of Wilts; and Wycombe, in the county of Buckingham. 
—Towr.-houfe, Berkelcy-fquare. 
Armorial Bearings. — See the annexed Engraving. 
Motto.— Virtute, non viris. —“By courage, not by 
GOWER, MARQUIS OF STAFFORD. 
GEORGE - GRANVILLE- LEVESON GOWER, 
Marquis of STAFFORD, Earl Gower, Vifeount 
Trentham, Baron Gower,-of Stittenham, Knight of the 
Garter, Lord Lieutenant of Sutherlandffiire, Recorder of 
Stafford; born January 9, 1758; fucceeded his father, 
Granville, the late marquis, Odtober 26, 1803 ; married, 
September 4, 1785, Elizabeth, countefs of Sutherland, 
and baronefs of Strathnaver; and has iffue, 1. George- 
Granville, earl Gower, heir apparent, born Augurt 8, 
1786. 2. Charlotte, born June 8, 1788. 3. William, 
born June 4, 1792, and died in 1793. 4. Elizabeth, 
born November 8, 1798. 5. Francis, born January 1, 
1800. 6. Henry, born June 16, 1802. 7. William-John, 
born in 1803, died in 1804. 
The family of Gower has by fome antiquaries been 
fuppofed to have defeended from fir Alan Gower, lord 
of Stittenham in the county of York, and fheriff of that 
county at the time of the Norman eonqueft. But the 
firft perfon, unqueftionably of this family, who difiin- 
guiflied himfelf, was Lawrence Gower of the county of 
York, who in the reign of Ed-vvard II. together with 
Thomas Plantagenet earl of Lancafter, and others', ob¬ 
tained the king’s pardon for being concerned in the af¬ 
fray with Piers Gavefton. Thomas Gower, his great 
grandfon, fignalized himfelf in the wars of Henry V. and 
Henry VI. and was governor of the caftle of Mans. Sir 
John Gower, brother and heir to this Thomas, engaged 
in the party of the houfe of Lancafter in the civil wars; 
and, being taken prifoner at the battle ot Tewkefbury; 
May 4, 1471, was treacheroufly beheaded by Edward IV. 
Thomas, his grandfon, ferved under the duke of Sorner- 
fet, lord protestor, at the battle of Pinkey; and, from 
the eagernefs of his condudt, expofed himfelf to the be¬ 
ing taken prifoner by the Scots. Thomas, his grand¬ 
fon, was created a baronet by James I. June 2, 1620, 
and his family adhered to the party of king Charles in 
the enfuing civil wars. 
Sir John Levefon Gower, fifth baronet, was by queen 
Anne created baron Gower of Stittenham, and confti- 
tuted chancellor of the duchy of Lancafter, which office 
he held from the year 1702 to the year 1706. He died 
September 
