HER 
•fmall town in PrulTia. In that place he died in 1676, in 
the-forty-fourth year of his age. He was the author of, 
1. Terra Motus & Quietis Exatnen, 1655, iamo. a. DiJ- 
putatio de Fceminarum illujlrium Eruditions , 1657, quarto. 
3. Caldendafejliva Anni 1667, See. 1667, folio and quarto. 
4. Tragico-comadia & Ludi innocui de Juliana Imperatore 
Apojlata, Ecclejiarum & Scholarum Everforc, 1668, quarto. 
5. Admiranda Mickaelis Koributhi in Regem Polonia. Eleclio, 
1669, quarto. 6. Difputatio de Paradifo, ’quarto. 7. Dif- 
Jertaliones de admirandis Mundi Cataraclcris fupra & fub- 
terraneis, (Be. nec-non terreflri ac primigenia Paradij'o 
Locus Situfque verus in Palajlina rejlituitvr, (Be. 1678, 
in quarto; diftinguilhed by much learned and curious 
refearch. 8. Religiofa Rijovienfes, crypt a, Jive Rijovia fub- 
terranea, &c. 1675, odtavo ; which is a Angular perfor¬ 
mance, and taken from a Sclavonian work by Neftor, 
a Mufcovite hiftorian. 9. Traftatus de Statu Ecclejiarum 
Augujlainia ConfeJJionis in polonia, 1670, quarto. 
HERBI'TA, in ancient geography, an inland town 
of Sicily. Cicero. 
HERBIV'OROUS, adj. [from kerba, Lat. an herb, 
and voro, to devour.] Devouring herbs; living on grafs. 
, Scott. 
HERBIV'OROUS ANIMALS, thofe which feed only 
on vegetables. 
HER'BORIST,yi One curious in herbs. This feems 
only a falfe fpelling for herbariji. —A curious herborijl has 
a plant, whofe flower perithes in about an hour. Ray. 
HER'BORN, a town of Germany, in the circle of 
Weftphalia, and principality of Nafiau Dillenburg, with 
a caftle ; on the Dille. In 1584, a celebrated Proteftant 
academy was founded here. The chief trade is forging 
and manufacturing iron : three miles fouth-fouth-eaft of 
Dillenburg. Lat. 50. 34. N. Ion. 26. E. Ferro. 
HER'BOROUGH, f. Iherberg, Ger.] Place of tem¬ 
porary refidence.: now written harbour. 
HER'BOUS, adj. [ herbofus ; Lat.] Abounding with 
herbs. 
HERBO'SE, adj. \_herbofus, Lat.] G rally, full of 
grafs or herbs. 
HERBOS'ITY, J. Iherbofitas, Lat.] Abundance of 
herbs or grafs. 
HER'BRAM, a town of Germany, in the circle of 
Weftphalia, and bifliopric of Paderborn: four miles 
fouth-weft of Dringenberg. 
HERB'STEIN, a town of Germany, in the circle of 
the Upper Rhine, and bifliopric of Fulda : thirteen 
miles weft of Fulda, and twenty-fix eaft-fouth-eaft of 
Marpurg. 
HER'BULENT, adj. [from hcrbula.~\ Containing 
herbs. 
HERB'WOMAN, f. A woman that fells herbs. 
HER'BY, adj. Having the nature of herbs.—No fub¬ 
ftance but earth, and the procedures of earth, as tile 
and.ftone, yieldeth any mofs or herby fubftance. Bacon. 
HERCtE'US, one of the names of Jupiter. 
HERCULA'NEUM, a city of Campania, in Italy, 
which, with its neighbouring city Pompeii, was faid to 
have been fwallowed up by an earthquake, produced 
from an eruption of mount Vefuvius, Auguft 24, A.D. 
79, in the reign of Titus. After being buried under 
the lava for more than 1600 years, thefe famous c.ities 
were dilcovered in the beginning of the eighteenth cen¬ 
tury: Herculaneum in 1713; and Pompeii about forty 
years after. But, according to the obfervations of C. 
Du Theil, publifhed in a Memoir prefented to the Na¬ 
tional Inftitute in Paris, at the fitting in October 1801, 
it appears that-the above epocha of the deftruCtion of 
thefe two cities is hot correct; for they role again from 
their ruins under the reign of Titus; and tiiey ftill ex- 
ifted, with fome remains of fplendour, under Adrian. 
The beautiful characters of the jnfeription traced out 
on the bafe of the equeftrian ftatue of M. Nonius Bal- 
bus, fon of Marcus, are an evident proof of its exiftence 
Vql, IX. No. 628. 
II E R 799 
St that period. They were found under the reign of 
the Antonines; for the account of Trimalchio’s feaft, 
in the fatirical romance aferibed to Petronius Arbiter, 
furniflies feveral evidences of the exiftence of Pompeii, 
and of fome of the edifices of Herculaneum, under the 
laft of thefe princes. In the geographical monument 
-known under the name of Peiifinger’s Chart, which is 
of a date pofterior to the feign of Cduftantine, that is to 
fay, in the commencement of the fourth century, Her¬ 
culaneum and Pompeii were ftill (landing, and then in¬ 
habited; but in the Itinerary improperly aferibed to 
Antoninus, neither of thefe two cities is noticed; front 
which it may be conjectured, with fome degree of foun¬ 
dation, that the entire ruin-of Herculaneum and Pom¬ 
peii mult have taken place in the interval between the 
time when Peutinger’s Chart was conftruCted and that 
when the above Itinerary was compofed. 
The eruption which took place in 471 occafioned the 
molt dreadful ravages. If we can give credit to Mar- 
cellinus, the allies then thrown up by Vefuvitm covered 
all Europe. They were carried as far as Conftantinople; 
where, according to this chronicler, an anniverfary fefti- 
val was inftituted in remembrance of that ftrange phe¬ 
nomenon. It is very probable that the cities of Hercu¬ 
laneum and Pompeii dilappeared at that period, and 
that no more traces of them were left. This conje&ure 
is fupported by a letter written by Caftiodorus in the 
name of Theodoric, who reigned between 493 and 526. 
On this authority, C. Du Theil is inclined to think, 
that after the fatal eruption of 471, fuch of the inhabi¬ 
tants of Pompeii as had the good fortune to efcape 
alive, retired to Nola in Campania, and that thofe who 
efcaped from Herculaneum took ftielter at Naples. The 
quarter where the latter eftablilhed themfelves was de¬ 
tached from the other parts of the city. This may ferve 
to explain the denomination Regio Herculanenjium, or the 
Quarter of the Herculaneans, which has been obferved 
on feveral monuments of ftone dug up at Naples, and 
alfo in feveral inferiptions which have been collected 
and publifhed by learned Neapolitan antiquaries. 
The feite or lituation of Herculaneum was where Por- 
tici now Hands, about fix miles to the eaftward of Naples. 
The thicknefs of the heap of lava and allies by which 
the city was overwhelmed, has been much mcreafed by 
fiery ftreams vomited fince that fatal cataftrophe; and 
forms a mafs twenty-four feet deep, of dark grey ftone, 
which is eafily broken to pieces. By its non-adhefion 
to foreign bodies, marbles and bronzes are preferved in 
it as in a cafe made to fit them, and exaft moulds of the 
faces and limbs of ftatues are frequently found in this 
fubftance. The exadl fituation of this devoted city was 
not known till the year 1713, when it was accidentally 
difeovered by fome labourers, who, in digging a well, 
ftruck upon a ftatue on the benches of the theatre. 
Many others were afterwards dug out and lent to France 
by the prince of Elbceuf. But little progrefsWas made 
in the excavations till Charles infant of Spain afeended 
the Neapolitan throne ; by whole efforts and liberality 
-a very confiderable part of Herculaneum and Pompeii 
has been explored, and fuch treafures of antiquity drawn 
out as form the molt curious mufeuni in the world, and 
have furpilhed materialsforeight imperial folio volumes, 
publilhed under the direftion of the late king of Na¬ 
ples. Thefe curiofities confift not'only of ftatues, bulls, 
altars, inferiptions,. and other ornamental appendages of 
Grecian opulence and luxury ; but alfo comprehend an 
entire affortment of the domeftic, mulical, and furgical, 
inftruments ; tripods,of elegant form and exquifite exe¬ 
cution ; lamps in endlels variety ; vales and batons- of 
noble dimenlions; chandeliers of the molt beautiful 
lhapes ; pateras, and other appurtenances of lacrifice ; 
looking-glafles of polilhed metal coloured gJaf-, fo- 
hard, clear, and well ftained, as to appear like emeralds, 
fapphires, and other precious ftones; a kitchen com- 
9 S pletely 
