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HER 
crowns, was to be exafted from him, according to the 
law of the Franks. This fine was levied with fuch 
rigaur, that, if any perfon was,infolvent, he was reduced 
to fervitude, and continued in that ftate until fuch time 
as his labour fliould amount to the value of the here- 
bcinnum. The emperor Lotjiarius rendered the penalty 
more fevere, by confiRating-the goods of the perfon 
refnfing, and banifiiing him. 
HE'REBOTE,/. [Jjepe, and bobe, Sax. ameflenger.] 
The king’s edidt commanding his lubjedts into the field. 
HEREBY', adv'.' By this.—The acquifitioiyof truth 
is of infinite concernment: hereby we become acquainted 
with the nature of things. Watts. 
HERED'ITABLE, adj. \_hceres, Lat.] Whatever may 
be occupied as inheritance.—Adam being neither a 
monarch, nor his imaginary monarchy hereditable, the 
power which is now in the world is not that which was 
Adam’s. Locke. 
HEREDITAMENTS,/! \_kareditament.ajL^\..~\ A term 
in law for all fuch immoveable things, whether corpo¬ 
real or incorporeal, which a man may have to him and 
bis heirs by way of inheritance ; and which, if they are 
not otherwife devifed, defeend to him that is next heir, 
and fall not to the executor as chattels do. See fiat. 32 
Hen. VIII. c. 2. It is a word of very great'extent, compre¬ 
hending whatever may be inherited or come to the heir ; 
be it real, perfonal, or mixed ; and though it is not 
Jiolden, or lieth not in tenure. Co. Lit. 6. 16. And by 
the grant of hereditaments in conveyances, manors, 
houfes, and lands of all forts, rent, fervices, advowfons, 
See. pats. Hareditamentvm ejl omne quod jure hareditario ad 
haredem tranjeat. Hereditaments are of two kinds, corpo¬ 
real and incorporeal. Corporeal hereditamenls'confifl 
wholly of fubfiantial and permanent objects, all which 
may be comprehended under the general denomination 
of land. 1 In(t. 4-. It legally includes alfo all cattles, 
houfes, and other buildings; becaufe they contilt of 
land, which is the foundation; and the ftrudture there¬ 
upon: fo tha!, if I convey the land or ground, the 
firudture or building palfes with it. Water is alfo con- 
fidered as a fpecies of land; and fuch is the ftridtnefs 
of the law, that one cannot bring an adtion to recover 
potTetfion of a pool, or other piece of water, by the name 
of water only; but he mutt bring his adtion for the land 
that lies'at the bottom, and mutt call it land covered 
with water. Broionl. 142. Land hath alfo, in its legal 
fignification, an indefinite extent, upwards as well as 
downwards. Cujus ejlfolum, ejus ejl ufque ad caelum, is the 
maxim of the law; upwards, therefore, no man may 
ere’dt any building, to overhang another’s land : and 
downwards, whatever is in'a diredt line, between the 
furface pf gny land and the centre of the earth, belongs 
to the owner of the furface ; as is every day’s experience 
in the mining countries. So that the word land in¬ 
cludes not only the face of. the earth, but every thing 
under it or over it. And therefore if a man grants all 
his lands, he grants thereby all his mines of metal and 
other foflils, his woods, his waters, and his houfes, as 
well as his fields and meadows. Not but the particular 
names'.of the things are equally fufficient to pats them, 
except in the in fiance of water; by a grant of which 
nothing palfes but a right of fithing. Co: Lit. 4. But 
the capital diftindtion is this ; that by the name of a 
cafile, nvefiuages, toft, croft, or the like, nothing elfe 
will pafs, except what falls with the utmoft propriety 
under the telm made ufe of; but by the name of land, 
which is nomen geheralijfimum , every thing terreftial will 
pafs. 1 Inji. 4,5, 6. 
An incorporeal hereditament is a right ifi'uing out of 
a thing corporate, (whether real or perfonal,) or con¬ 
cerning, or annexed to, or exercifable within, the fame. 
Co. Lit. 20. It is not the thing corporate itfelf, but 
fomething collateral thereto; as a rent ifi'uing out of 
lands, &c. or an office belonging to jewels, &c. Thefe 
incorporeal hereditaments are ftated by Blackftone in 
HER 
his Commentaries, to be principally of ten forts; Ad¬ 
vowfons; Tithes; Commons; Ways; Offices; Digni¬ 
ties; Franchifes; Corodies, or Penfions ; Annuities; and 
Rents. As to all which fee thofe feveral titles in this 
Encyclopaedia 
HERED'ITARY, adj. [ her edit air e, Fr. kereditarius , 
Lat.] Pol£elfed or claimed by right of inheritance; 
defeending by inheritance: 
He fhall afeend 
The throne hereditary , and bound his reign 
With earth’s wide bounds, his glory with the heavens. 
Milton. 
HEREDITARILY, adv . By inheritance.—Here is 
another, who thinks one of the greateft glories of his 
father was to have dillinguithed and loved you, and 
who love,S you hereditarily. Pope. 
HE'REFARE, f. A military expedition ; the adl of 
going on a military expedition. Scott. An old word. 
HER'EFORD, an ancient and opulent city, the ca¬ 
pital of Hereford (hire, fituated on the north bank of the 
river Wye, nearly in the centre of the county. It is 
twenty-eight miles diftant from Worcefter, thirty-two 
from Gloucefier, (eventeen from Monmouth, thirteen 
from Leominfter, and a hundred and thirty from London. 
The adjacent country affords a great varietyof beautiful 
profpedls, being diverfified with an intermixture of 
hills, vales, meadows, corn-fields, and orchards. The 
municipal government is veiled in a mayor, fix aldermen, 
a common-council confuting of thirty-one members, a 
high fteward, and a recorder. The name of the city is 
purely Saxon, fignifying “ the ford of an army,” which 
perfectly agrees with its fituation on the river Wye, 
which falls into the Severn, and form's part of the 
barrier between England and Wales. As the two na¬ 
tions were for ages at war with each other, this city 
was generally the head-quarters of fuch Saxon or 
Englifh forces as were ftationed in the neighbourhood 
to defend the frontier; and here both armies probably 
forded the river when they palled o,ut of England into 
Wales, or out of Wales into England. Some, however 
have fuppofed the name of Hereford to have been deri¬ 
ved from Ercinna, the ancient Britifh name of the county 
and others have imagined, that both the Britifh and 
Saxon names were derived from Ariconium, an ancient 
town near this place, mentioned in the Itinerary of 
Antoninus, which is laid to have been deftroyed bv an 
earthquake, and Hereford to have been eredted upon 
its feite. It is likewife faid to have'been founded by 
king Edward the elder; though others fuppofe that it 
arofe about the time when the Saxon heptarchy was at 
its height, and firft became confiderable, about the 
ear 825, on account of a church built here by Milfred 
ing of the Mercians, to the memory of Ethelbert 
king of the Eaft Angles, who was murdered by the 
queen of king Offa, while courting her daughter. This 
church was loon after elevated to the rank of a cathe¬ 
dral, and Hereford was made the fee of a bilhop; but 
in the reign of Edward the Confefibr, Griffin, prince of 
Wales, lacked the city, deftroyed the cathedral, and 
carried the bifhop away prifoner. Hence this city was 
at the era of the Norman conquelt, in ruins, and there 
were not above one hundred and three men within the 
city and fuburbs; the conqueror, however, rebuilt 
both the city and cathedral, and alfo eredted a cafile 
which, though long fince in ruins, Leland lays, was in 
his time the fairefi, largeft, and ftrongeft, in England. 
This city has fent members to parliament ab origine. 
Hereford was formerly furrounded with a wall and a 
deep ditch, and defended by the before-mentioned cafile 
which, as well as a great part of the wall, and three of 
the gates, are demoiifhed. The ftreets in general are 
wide, and the buildings, within the fpace of a few 
years, have been greatly improved. Some of the prin¬ 
cipal fireets unite in a kind of fquare, called the High 
Town, 
