808 HER 
IIERET'ICAL, adj. Containing herefy.—Conftan- 
tinople was in an uproar, upon an ignorant jealoufy that 
thole words had fome heretical meaning. Decay of Piety. 
HERET'ICALLY, adv. With herefy^ 
HERETO', adv. To this; add to this. 
HER'ETOCHS, or Heretogs, f. among our Saxon 
anceftors,, fignified tire fame with dukes or duces, de. 
noting the commanders or leaders of their armies. It 
appears, from Edward the Confeflbr’s laws, that the 
military force of this kingdom was in the'hands of the 
dukes or heretochs, who were conftituted througfaevery 
province and county in the kingdom, being feleded out 
of the principal nobility, and fuch as were moft remark¬ 
able for being fapientes, f deles, & animoji. Their duty 
was to lead and regulate the Englifh armies; and,becaufe 
of their great power, they were eleded by the people 
in their full aflembiy, or folkmote, in the fame manner 
as fheriffs were eleded. 
HERETOFO'RE, mfy.Formerly; anciently.—So near 
is the connection between the civil (late and religious, 
that heretofore you will find the government and the 
prielthood united in the fame perfon. South. 
We now can form no more 
Long fchemes of life; as heretofore. Swift. 
HERE'TUM,/. In old records, the court or yard 
in which the guards attending any great perfon were 
ufually drawn up. 
HEREUNTO', adv. To this.—Agreeably hereunto, it 
might not be ainifs to make children often to tell a Itory 
of any thing they. know. Locke. 
HEREWITH', With thiT: ' 
You, fair fir, be not herewith difmay’d, 
But conftant keep the way in which ye (land. Spenfer. 
HER'FORD, orHERVORDEN, a town of Germany, 
in Weltphalia, and county of Ravenlberg, fituated on 
the Werra and Aa, which divide it into three parts : 
contains about Soo houfes, between which are Large 
fpaces and gardens, four Lutheran and one Calvinift 
churches, two chapels, and a convent. This town was 
formerly imperial, but the troops of Brandenburg com¬ 
pelled the inhabitants to pay homage to the elector in 
1652. On a mountain near the town ftands the abbey 
of Herford, a free and fecular foundation, ereded in 789 
or 790. Since the reformation, it has become Lutheran. 
The abbefs is a princefs, the canonefles princefles, or 
noble. The aireffment in the imperial matricula, before 
the revolution, was eight florins monthly, and the tax 
to the chamber of Wetzlar eighty-one rix dollars four¬ 
teen kruitzers: ten miles eaft-north-eaft of Ravenlberg. 
Lat. 52. 11. N. Ion. 25. 56. E. Ferro., 
HER'ICOUR, a town of France, in the department 
of the Upper Saone, and chief place of a canton, in the 
diftrid of Lure: four leagues fouth-eafl of Lure, and 
feven and three quarters eaft of Vefoul. Lat. 47. 34. N. 
Ion. 24. 24. E. Ferro. 
HER'ICOURT (Louis de), a learned French writer, 
born in 1687 at Soiffons, where his family had long 
been diftinguifhed. He applied himfelf to the ftudy of 
jurifprudence, and was received advocate in the parli¬ 
ament of Paris in 1712. In 1719, appeared his valuable 
work, Les Loix Ecclefiafiqu.es de France mifes dans leur Ordre 
naturel, of which feveral editions have been given. 
The work is much eftcemed for its method and clear- 
nefs. He alfo wrote a Treatife on the Sale of Im¬ 
moveables by Decree, 4to. an Abridgement of the Difci- 
pline of the Church by P. Thomaffin, 4to. and other 
pieces. He died in 1753, with a charader of great 
worth and integrity. His Pofthumous Works, four 
volumes 4to. were printed in 1759. 
Julian de Her'icourt, grandfather of the above 
named writer, was a man of learning,' and principal 
‘bunder of the academy of SoilTons, of \Vhich he wrote 
ihe hi (lory in elegant Latin. 
HEPv'ICY, a town of France, in the department <?f 
her 
the Seine and the Marne, on the Seine : five miles north- 
ealt of Fontainebleau. 
HERIL'LUS, a man’s name; a philofopher who 
placed the chief good in knowledge. 
HER'IOT,/. [ heriotum , Lat, Jjejre^ilt), Sax. belUats 
apparatqs ; from Jjejae, exercitus, an army, and g£AZ,fu/us, 
ejfufus.'] A tribute originally given to the lord of a 
manor for his better preparation for war. By the laws 
of king Canute, at the death of the great men of this 
realm, fo many horfes and arms were to be paid as they 
, were in their refpedive life-times obliged to keep for 
the king’s fervice. Spelm Sir Edward Coke makes 
heriot, or heregat, (from herus, lord,) the lord’s bead; and 
it is now taken for the bed bead, whether it be horfe, 
ox, or cow, that the tenant dies poflejfed of, due and 
payable to the lord of the manor: and, in fome manor's, 
the bed goods, piece of plate, &c. Kitch. 133. There 
is this difference between heriot and relief; heriot has 
been generally a perfonal, and relief always a predial, 
fervice. It appears not only from Spelman’s conjec¬ 
tures, but likewife from the laws themfelves of king 
Canute, that the Danes were the firfl inventors of heriots, 
and that it was a political inflitution of theirs, whereby 
the Danifli tenants were to hold by military fervice, 
and their arms and horfes, at their deaths, to revert to 
the public ; by that means putting the whole ftrength 
and defence of the kingdom into their hands; com¬ 
mitting only the affairs of'agriculture, and theffmprove- 
ment of the nation, to the Englifh, though they thereby 
enjoyed greater freedom and immunities in their tenures 
than the Danifh tenants. Spelm. 287. 
As to the feveral kinds of heriots, fome are due by 
cuflom, fome by tenure, and fome by refervation on 
deeds executed within time of memory; thofe due by 
cuflom are the moft frequent, and arofe by the contract 
or agreement of the lord and tenant, in confideration of 
fome benefit or advantage accruing to the tenant; and 
for which a heriot, as the bell beaft, be ft piece of houfe- 
hold furniture, See. became due, and belonged to the 
lord, either on the death or alienation of the tenant, 
and which the lord may feize, either within the manor 
or without, at his eledion. Dyer 199, b. Heriots are 
therefore now to be confidered as ufually divided into 
two forts ; heriot-fervice, and heriot-cuftom. The for¬ 
mer, being fuch as are due upon a fpecial refervation 
in a grant or leafe of lands, amount to little more than 
a mere rent. 2 Saund. 1(6. The latter arife upon no 
fpecial refervation whati'oever, but depend upon imme¬ 
morial ufage-and cuflom; and are defined to be “a 
cuftomary tribute of goods and chattels, payable to the 
lord of the fee, on the deceale of the owner of the land.” 
2 Comm. c. 28. 
Upon this plan of the Danifh eftablifhment, did Wil¬ 
liam the Conqueror fafhion his law of reliefs, when he 
afeertained the precife relief to be taken of every tenant 
in chivalry; and, contrary to the feodal cuflom and the 
ufage of his own duchy of Normandy, he required arms 
and implements of war to be paid, inftead of money. 
See the., articles Relief and Tenure. The Danifh 
compulfive heriots, being thus tranfmuted into reliefs, 
underwent the fame feveral viciflitudes as the feodal 
tenures, and in focage eftates do frequently'remain to 
this day in the fliape of a double rent payable at the 
death of the tenant: the heriots which now continue 
among us, and preferve that name, feeming rather to 
be of Saxon parentage, and at firfl to have been merely 
diferetionary. Lombard, Peramb. of Kent, 492. Thefear.e 
now for the moft part confined to copyhold tenures, and 
are due by cuflom only, which is the life of all eftates 
by copy, and perhaps are tire only inftance where cuf- 
tom has favoured the lord. A heriot may alfo apper¬ 
tain to free land, that is held by fervice and luit of 
court; in which cafe it is moft commonly a copyhold 
enfranchifed, whereupon the heriot is ftill due by cuflom. 
B radon fpeaks of heriots as frequently due on the death 
